I'm not the best person to comment on this, as my most recently made laptop is an Acer E1-572, which was manufactured in about 2014. I've owned it for four-and-a-half years, have used it almost every day, and it's performed superbly with 100% reliability. If you could find one of these from a reputable source, you could probably get it for around $150, and I think it would run Windows 10 until that system is withdrawn by Microsoft (in 2025). My own machine runs Windows 8.1 by the way, which will not be supported after January 2023.
If you were thinking about keeping a machine for longer than that, you need to ensure that it's capable of running Windows 11. That's not necessarily straightforward, as quite a few very recent machines apparently won't be able to run it, because of its very demanding specifications.
In more general terms, I think the most modern laptops are 'smarter' than the older ones, often have touchscreens and things like USB C ports, etc, but I'm not convinced they're better built than many older ones. Certainly if they go wrong, they can be much more expensive to fix, as some important components (eg hard drive, RAM modules, batteries, etc) are often very difficult to access, and can even be soldered in place, making removal impossible.
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On a mountain range
I'm Doctor Strange