Compiling your cpp files should produce an exe which you can run from a compatible OS at school. I'm not sure how to make it any clearer, you should see the executable right there, in the same directory, with the same name as the .ide, after you compile your program.
If you actually need to run from your cpp files at school, you will need some sort of compiler. It's a good bet that your school has a c/c++ unix compiler, if not windows. Note that to compile in unix you will need to write a makefile.
As for other programs, some programs have the capability to invoke code from other languages. You'll probably have to figure out how to do that on a case by case basis.
