Only clear thing that comes to mind is Western Analytic philosophy. That's only due to the rigid style of it. Frankly though, that's so broad that it really doesn't show anything but style. The honest truth though is that I think anything more specific will be difficult. There are a few philosophies that DON'T seem to work, but... otherwise the general high value of reason in many philosophies tends to make them more attractive to people with AS.
Would Stoicism work for aspies? Yes, it places a high value upon order and logic and reason above emotion, all of these fit into the AS cognitive style. I wouldn't be surprised though if some of the less talked about doctrines stood against us.
Thoreau probably would not work, he is individualistic, but he does not tend towards the AS love of order, nor the high reliance on reason over emotion. Rather, Thoreau is considered an American Transcendentalist, and they tend to be more oriented toward intuition, as opposed to reason and empirical data. They also tend to be a more religious philosophy in nature, while aspies probably are less religious on average, tending to like scientific and reductionist philosophies. This is not to say that Thoreau represents all transcendentalism, but, he does not tend towards the basic method of people with AS.
David Hume is an alright argument. The big issue is going to be whether an aspie will side with his theory of human sentiments as ethics, or with the more rationalistic Kantian or Utilitarian analyses. I think AS will tend more towards the latter. Even further, as a noted skeptic, Hume has tendencies that people with AS don't necessarily have. Some will be world-creators rather than critics. However, Hume, an Enlightenment figure, is probably a very good person.
Wittgenstein? I'd say early Wittgenstein at best. Wittgenstein has a lot of subjective and spiritual tendencies, and his later notion of language tended towards language as a social construct as opposed to language as a building block of meaning. Early Wittgenstein fits better into the early foundations of Western analytic philosophy though, and a lot of those figures will tend to have the rigidness necessary to match up.
Schopenhauer, like Kant, has some very autistic traits. This does not mean he matches up well with autistics. He has a lot of tendencies that do not seem to match as well.