True Beliefs Have No Survival Value?
richardbenson
Xfractor Card #351
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Huh? That is a circular headache, and not what I originally read out of the first post.
OK, re-read it, and that circularity/paradox is in the first post. I think it depends on ambiguity in several words that are used in different senses.
Obviously, if we are a product of naturalism and evolution, then naturalism and evolution is not really "improbable" - we have already agreed that it is a fact.
1)Naturalism and evolution is true
2) Naturalism gives rise to many beliefs
3) Most of these are wrong, therefore, the a priori probability of each is low,
4) Some beliefs are true.
5) Before evaluating the true statements, their probablity of truth is considered low (we have no specific information about that statement, only generalities)
6) Yet these improbable beliefs are in fact true.
More sophistry:
At the grossest scale, you can either believe in naturalism and evolution (N&E) or not believe in it. If we don't consider any evidence, each is equally likely (yet only one is true). We could easily flip the original investigation (is belief in N&E likely?) into the opposite (Are the skeptics of N&E right), and conclude that (since most beliefs are incorrect), the skeptics of evolution are probably incorrect. Since we concluded that the critics of N&E are probably wrong, the only logical thing to do is cast our lot with the other alternative and choose to believe in N&E. Case closed.
That is the weakest logic I have ever heard!
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This is a really broad topic. Here's my take, and this is my subjective take on how he is defining things. The "True beliefs," he is forming from definition, defining them from an idea or perspective. I could see this leading to bad beliefs. What and who is to say the definition/idea/perspective is correct? Why does he assume his beliefs are more accurate than beliefs from behavior? What proof or logic does he offer? "Acting on behavior" would lead to beliefs being created by observing conclusions(from behavior) and then creating the definitions from that by logically analyzing the outcome. This seems more realistic to me and much less error prone.
For example, if we see certain types of behavior that are bad for society, then we we form the belief that action is bad. This is a good thing because humans formed societies for the sole purpose of survival. Of course people can draw the wrong conclusions, but if the majority of us want to survive, through our society, we will probably draw the right conclusion most of the time. If we don't our society won't survive.
Where does this guy say "true beliefs" should come from if not from experience and survival instincts? Should they come from a voice in someone's head who thinks they are talking to God on a two-way radio?
Huh? That is a circular headache, and not what I originally read out of the first post.
OK, re-read it, and that circularity/paradox is in the first post. I think it depends on ambiguity in several words that are used in different senses.
Obviously, if we are a product of naturalism and evolution, then naturalism and evolution is not really "improbable" - we have already agreed that it is a fact.
1)Naturalism and evolution is true
2) Naturalism gives rise to many beliefs
3) Most of these are wrong, therefore, the a priori probability of each is low,
4) Some beliefs are true.
5) Before evaluating the true statements, their probablity of truth is considered low (we have no specific information about that statement, only generalities)
6) Yet these improbable beliefs are in fact true.
More sophistry:
At the grossest scale, you can either believe in naturalism and evolution (N&E) or not believe in it. If we don't consider any evidence, each is equally likely (yet only one is true). We could easily flip the original investigation (is belief in N&E likely?) into the opposite (Are the skeptics of N&E right), and conclude that (since most beliefs are incorrect), the skeptics of evolution are probably incorrect. Since we concluded that the critics of N&E are probably wrong, the only logical thing to do is cast our lot with the other alternative and choose to believe in N&E. Case closed.
Why should the skeptic of N&E have to accept anything derived from N&E including the idea that it is unlikely that we have true beliefs (verisimilitudinous is the actual word Plantinga used, but I thought I would simplify that to 'true' to make the argument understandable).
N&E only guarantee that humans develope survival behavior.
Survival behavior can develope from multitudinous beliefs few of which are true.
If our beliefs developed from N&E, our belief in N&E is not likely to be true.
The skeptic does not have to accept that we developed from N&E and, therefore, does not have to take this pessimistic view of the truth of their beliefs.
My opinion is that Plantinga is mistaken. True beliefs do have survival value because people are not like other animals in that people use tools. For tools to be effective they must work, and to work they must be formulated on true beliefs.
That is the weakest logic I have ever heard!

This is a really broad topic. Here's my take, and this is my subjective take on how he is defining things. The "True beliefs," he is forming from definition, defining them from an idea or perspective. I could see this leading to bad beliefs. What and who is to say the definition/idea/perspective is correct? Why does he assume his beliefs are more accurate than beliefs from behavior? What proof or logic does he offer? "Acting on behavior" would lead to beliefs being created by observing conclusions(from behavior) and then creating the definitions from that by logically analyzing the outcome. This seems more realistic to me and much less error prone.
For example, if we see certain types of behavior that are bad for society, then we we form the belief that action is bad. This is a good thing because humans formed societies for the sole purpose of survival. Of course people can draw the wrong conclusions, but if the majority of us want to survive, through our society, we will probably draw the right conclusion most of the time. If we don't our society won't survive.
Where does this guy say "true beliefs" should come from if not from experience and survival instincts? Should they come from a voice in someone's head who thinks they are talking to God on a two-way radio?
Plantinga is a Theist and does believe that people only have true knowledge because they were a product of a knowing being, God.
Concerning the original argument: If you take for granted that his premises are correct, I don't see why his logic is weak. Please explain.
All I see here is that you disagree with his premises as do I. Disagreeing with the premises does not make the argument weak logically.
My problem with this is that you can't just make up premises that lack logic, and then make inferences based on that. Why is he allowed to make the assumption "less than half?" Where is the logic behind that conclusion?
Are we allowed to just make up assumptions out of thin air and then argue based on those assumptions? If so, I'd like to suggest that I'm the smartest person who ever existed, therefore, you should all bow to me! If we are accepting premises willy-nilly, then you must obey!
IF Evolution generates people who believe things that are unlikely to be true, then if we are a product of evolution, isn't our belief in evolution also unlikely to be true?
That's a misapplication of the theory of evolution. How does belief in evolution make an individual more likely to survive/reproduce? It's silly to think that biological evolution is the sole reason for the evolution of human ideas. It's a bit more complicated than that.
Also you dont' even back up your claim that most biologically evolved beliefs are false. Where does that come from?
Not only does the theory of evolution present a believable structure into which all of the historical discoveries of ancient fossils fit but the mechanics of evolution have proven useful instruments for modifying current structures and have indicated dangers and remedies for protecting ourselves from modern biological antagonists which are evolving before our eyes. To embrace anti-evolutionist theories is not only silly, it is exceedingly dangerous.
I'm beginning to think that evolution/eugenics was something that was pushed through the science field for global elites to try and justify their dominance, honestly.
And I also think what spdjeane is saying is dead on. If people are taught they are apes, they'll act like apes. Rather the indoctrination is scientific, political, cultural, or religious it bears an effect on peoples' behavior. These things develope buildings within peoples' minds, walls, so to speak. But without all those walls, people would be more open minded and diverse with their options hince providing them more options for survival. Most people really don't want to be that free though, it scares them, they feel it is too much responsibility.
People are systematically categorized, by race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, nation, disability, then theyr given culture. Culture tells people how to act like whatever categor(y)(ies) they fall into. It ultimately creates division.
From the time children are born, they are taught how to conform, through church, through school, fashion trends, entertainment, and as they grow into adulthood many get side tracked by the diversions thrown out on television, rather than focusing on important and more sensitive issues like what's really going on in the world, theyr pre-occupied with the latest Brittney Spears trial or something similar.
But they've been slaves all along, not just to indoctrination but to material wealth, money..... All monetary systems throughout time have been doomed to collapse. For ever dollar the government prints, it owes back that dollar with interest to the bank, the bank of england actually for us Americans seeing as we haven't ever really won independence from the brittish banks (little known fact there). But ultimately it all goes back to the World Bank as far as the banking s**t goes....... Until we can become independent from money we will not be truely free..... But if we do not wake up soon the world will know total slavery at the hands of the trilateral commission, the builderburgers, CFR, and all their organizations and businesses.......
I think if people could grow up free of belief, free of ideologies, free of walls, free from indoctrination, free from social ladders, perhaps they would make better decisions. The world around us is a multi-faced deception, and the manipulators behind it know how to brainwash very well, they've had hundreds of years of experience at it...... Break on through to the other side.
Last edited by snake321 on 29 Nov 2007, 4:07 am, edited 1 time in total.
Anubis
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HEY
Please note that this is not my argument. It is an argument I read yesterday that I do NOT agree with. Some of these responses address me as if I were the author of this argument which I am not.
Alvin Plantinga is the author if the argument, which I paraphrased, and may have paraphrased poorly. However, I think the general idea is still intact.
Also, it seems that the term logical/illogical is being used ambiguously. I would like to introduce some terms that will clarify my opinion about Planitinga's argument.
http://www.wisegeek.com/in-logic-what-a ... uments.htm
Such deductive arguments can be attacked on two different fronts: 1) call into question the premises of the argument itself, 2) call into question the structure of the argument, specifically that the conclusion does not follow from the premises.
This leaves us with four different possibilities for any deductive argument:
* Invalid and unsound: at least one premise is false, and conclusion does not follow from the premises. Example:
o All GPS satellites are positioned underwater.
o Everything positioned underwater becomes wet.
o therefore, GPS satellites are dry.
* Invalid: premises may be true but conclusion does not follow from them. Example:
o Mangosteen is a fruit.
o Mangosteen is purple.
o Therefore, all fruit is purple.
* Valid but unsound: conclusion follows from the premises but at least one of the premises is false. Example:
o All art movements started in India.
o Bauhaus was an art movement.
o Therefore, Bauhaus started in India.
* Sound: all premises are true and conclusion follows from the premises. Example:
o Investment strategies may be profitable
o "Dogs of the Dow" is an investment strategy
o therefore, the "Dogs of the Dow" strategy may be profitable.
Note that in all four of the examples above, the conclusion can be true. Even an invalid and unsound argument can have a true statement as its conclusion - its just that the conclusion may not follow from the premises, or that the premises that the conclusion is based on are not true. Let us imagine a non-sequitor, for example that is unsound and invalid, but the conclusion is true:
* non-sequitor:
o The Curse of the Bambino will never end.
o Sputnik was launched by China.
o Therefore, en-passant is a move in chess.
Also, arguments themselves are neither true or false, they are to be judged on their validity and soundness. It is the statements within an argument, namely the premises and conclusion that can have truth and falsity.
So, I believe that Plantinga's argument is valid but unsound because if all his premises are correct his conclusion does follow. However, his premises, that the mechanism of evolution alone is what produced belief in N&E and that N&E produces true belief less than half the time, are not correct, IMO.
Plantinga's sources on why evolution produces beliefs that are only true less than half the time are Darwin himself, and Patricia Chruchland.
Plantinga quoted Chruchland as saying:
Plantinga quoted Darwin as saying:
But racism predated any of the modern pseudosciences that might have supported dominance. Slavery and the dehumanization of Africans predated evolution/eugenics. A more logical explanation is that such widespread racism distorted the initial development of evolution.
We are apes. We should be teaching children that we are apes, and teach how apes should behave. The problem is not that we are acting like gorillas or chimpanzees; it is that we are acting like humans. Just look at history - a record of wars, oppressive regimes, riots, crime, and other nasty forms of behavior, punctuated by occasional, unusual periods of peace and harmony.
I STRONGLY advise reading Nietzsche if you want to learn about where our present-day morals and values came from and what is the basis for them. The values that govern our behaviour in the present time are DRASTICALLY different than the values of old times. This may sound strange, and you may automatically jump to the conclusion that we have evolved for the better, but how much thought and research have you done if that is your opinion? Have you ever questioned where our morals came from? Note: the answer is not God!
Who, and when was it decided what is good and what is bad or evil? The basis for our definitions of good and bad, or "true values" is probably not what you think it is There is in fact answers to these questions. It's rather interesting if you are intellectually capable of comprehending the asnwers and open-minded enough to consider alternatives to modern perceptions.
I recommend reading this rather than some religious finatic's opinion on the effects of evolution on our "true beliefs."
techstepgenr8tion
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He suggested that evolution, acting only on behavior, would result in true beliefs less than half of the time since there are so many beliefs other than the true beliefs that could result in survival behavior. Therefore, if you believe in Naturalism & Evolution you are probably wrong in your belief since the mechanism that got you to that belief would only produce true beliefs less than half the time.
I tends to be thoughts like that that I end up needing to drink away to keep myself falling into complete apathy. Really, it sucks all the passion out of life when you pay attention to what people really are, what they do, and what things are worth as a result of that. Small wonder that people like to live in their own fantasy worlds and like to think they're hot s--- in general.
Truth is actually based on subjective perceptions rather than objective perceptions. There are spiritual truths, but instead of thinking we are being rational and logical when we are feeling depressed, we need to realize that something in our thinking and world view is fundamentally wrong. The traditional way of religious conversions happened when people were under emotional torment and could not turn to their own god/gods for help. The natural results of this is where the revelations come from, when you finally see the conversions from one religion or spirituality to another.
Who, and when was it decided what is good and what is bad or evil? The basis for our definitions of good and bad, or "true values" is probably not what you think it is There is in fact answers to these questions. It's rather interesting if you are intellectually capable of comprehending the asnwers and open-minded enough to consider alternatives to modern perceptions.
I recommend reading this rather than some religious finatic's opinion on the effects of evolution on our "true beliefs."
I don't agree with Nietzsche. I find Alasdair MacIntyre's book After Virtue a much better explanation of our current moral situation.
Wikipedia