Magneto wrote:
What if the white homeless guy is living on the streets in an area dominated by a racist black street gang?
Privilege doesn't exist in a vacuum. A white person in the middle of a black panthers meeting is less privileged than a black person, and vice versa for a klan meeting. Privilege arises because people prefer people who are similar to them (OH NOES! Kin selection!), and so, when an accident of fate results in people with a particular trait becoming dominant, it tends to become self-sustaining (but it's not so strong that it can carry on indefinitely, unless deliberately maintained). If China had been dominant, rather than Europe - something which very nearly did happen - we'd be talking about Han privilege, and perhaps being white would enable me to take advantage of affirmative action brought in by Han guilt of their oppression of my ancestors.
It would be interesting to repeat the experiment with the CVs, except this time, finding out the details of the person who reads them. Is it systematic bias towards "white" names? Or is it that the person reading them is simply biased towards people most like them? In fact, I'd be willing to wager (not much, just a few bananas) having the same name as the person reading your application will help you a lot, and the more dissimilar you are to them, the worse your prospects.
Kin selection is generally only significant out to the level of cousins, or less; in any case, it doesn't matter
why privilege happens, just that it
does. Given a black guy and a white guy at equal socioeconomic levels, the black guy probably had to work harder or be more skilled to get there than the white guy, and has to work harder to maintain his position and to be seen as just as good as the white guy. As for the white guy at the Panther rally, that's not really what privilege is about. It wouldn't quite fit if it were a black guy at a KKK rally, either; that's more about micro cultures and biases. Privilege is about systemic, ongoing, cumulative, unearned opportunities and 'luck.' You're right that there would be international Han privilege if China had been more dominant than the west; there's Han privilege in China now, for that matter, and arguably there's Han privilege to a certain degree in international relations as well.
Wrt. the CVs, there was a recent experiment with male vs. female named applicants for faculty positions at universities, and (no surprise) the male names were regarded as more capable and were offered higher starting salaries than the female names; what was a little surprising was that there was no difference between male and female reviewers.