Obres wrote:
Am I the only one who finds it completely ridiculous that our primary source of energy is still black gunk that we need to dig out of the ground, when every second enough energy to power the entire world for a year is literally thrown in our faces?
Almost all energy on the planet is created by the trapping of solar energy:
At its most basic is the simple heating of material, and later radiation of that heat.
There is the convective flow of water, its evaporation and precipitation in the atmosphere.
There is the convective flow of air, driven by differential pressures created through uneven heating, and through the movement of water through the atmosphere.
Most of these processes are dynamic, ongoing processes, and generally available to tap into. Windmills, waterwheels and the like have been basic methods of obtaining mechanical advantage from solar energy for a long time.
But far more effective are the chemical processes. The key to this is fixing carbon. Autotrophs (e.g. plants) take simple molecules, like CO2 and H2O, and use external energy sources to create more complex molecules. These molecules have large amounts of energy bound up in them that gets released when those molecules are broken down. Heterotrophs, on the other hand, take complex organic molecules and then break them down, using the chemical energy released to drive biological processes.
Chemical processes are vastly more efficient at storing energy--but they are not the only way of converting solar energy into mechnical energy. To the extent that we can create direct transfers (e.g. solar cells) and more efficient storage, we can begin to close the gap.
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--James