The_Walrus wrote:
Finally, what does the actual science say about this?
See for yourself:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699698Well, I called your bluff and I did just that. And what did I find...
This literature review is mainly concerned with subjective experience of transgender individuals in sport. It looks at 8 studies the aims of which are listed as follows:
- To explore two transgender male individuals’ experiences of sport in an educational and recreational environment
- To explore the experience of a transgender female participating in women’s national ice hockey tournaments
-
To explore androgen deprivation and androgen administration in transgender people- To explore transgender people’s experiences of sport in relation to social exclusion and minority stress theory
- To explore the relationship between gender identity and physical activity
- To explore the experiences of transgender athletes, paying particular attention to whether gender identity or performance was related to participation
- To understand the issues surrounding transgender athletes' sport participation, specifically in relation to men’s netball in New Zealand
- To examine the re-negotiation of sex-based boundaries within the context of transgender inclusion in North American lesbian softball leagues
Mostly interviews, surveys etc and one exception: the bolded study, the only one that had experimental data on biological differences that might actually concern fairness in competition. It's the study Dr. Emma starts talking about at about 7:55 in the original video.
She says something along the lines of:
[They found]
that muscle area in transwomen had decreased but remained significantly higher than in control females.Or going to the
source:
The conclusion is that androgen deprivation in M – F increases the overlap in muscle mass with women but does not reverse it, statistically. The question of whether reassigned M – F can fairly compete with women depends on what degree of arbitrariness one wishes to accept, keeping in mind, for instance, that similar blood testosterone levels in men have profoundly different biologic effects on muscle properties,rendering competition in sports intrinsically a matter of how nature endows individuals for this competition.The rest is a fairly reasonable statement, translated into the literature review as:
Therefore, Gooren and Bunck concluded that transgender male individuals are likely to be able to compete without an athletic advantage 1-year post-cross-sex hormone treatment. To a certain extent this also applies to transgender female individuals; however, there still remains a level of uncertainty owing to a large muscle mass 1-year post-cross-sex hormones. While this study was the first to explore, experimentally, whether transgender people can compete fairly, the sample size was relatively small (n = 36). Additionally, they did not explore the role of testosterone blockers and did not directly measure the effect cross-sex hormones had on athletic performance (e.g. running time).So that's all we get from this review. "Transfemales might have an advantage when it concerns muscle mass, but this study is small and bad so meh f**k you you're only going to read the headlines anyway".
That's it. The rest is about transgender feelings and not having support from sports authorities and the policies various sports associations or clubs employ. Hardly a slam dunk Walrus...
The good doctor also mentions several other studies done between 2004 and 2015 (this review was published in 2017). More studies on bone mass/ skeletal structure, musculature and athletic performance. All suggesting (some with further analysis) at least a potential competitive advantage. All mysteriously missing from this literature review. Welcome to Modern Science ladies and gentlemen.
The_Walrus wrote:
The central problem with Hilton's argument is that it's simply obvious that the current restrictions are working. Trans women have been competing alongside cis women for decades (and in the Olympics since 2004), and yet women's sports remain dominated, as you'd expect, by cis women.
Does it? According to
your own link the primary barrier is:
In relation to sport-related physical activity, this review found the lack of inclusive and comfortable environments to be the primary barrier to participation for transgender people. This review also found transgender people had a mostly negative experience in competitive sports because of the restrictions the sport's policy placed on them. Not effective policies on competitive fairness.
_________________
Behold! we are not bound for ever to the circles of the world, and beyond them is more than memory, Farewell!