kevv729 wrote:
ascan
Then what about like when earth had two species at the same time Homo Sapiens and Homo Erectus. I know they where quit different. How did one species come Homo Sapiens lets say where did they come from out of the blue. I understand random mutations of genes. But the question is how do random mutations effect us today and tomorrow then to. We might be new species then maybe the earth will have two species then too.
Neanderthals and ourselves evolved from
H. erectus. Both Neanderthals and ourselves were knocking around Europe together about 40K years ago, and in Palestine 100k years ago. The reason two species evolved from one ancestor was because one population became isolated; bred and evolved separately. Neanderthals migrated out of Africa first, and colonised Europe about 250k years ago. This population was separate from the one remaining in Africa, which evolved into people like us. They left Africa about 100k years ago, reaching Europe about 50K years ago.
We're talking about long periods of time for evolution to occur, and quite significant changes in climate that would have acted to favour certain characteristics. These characteristics are a function of the genes. Normally, random mutations may have no impact at all, but if a certain combination produces, for example, someone who's taller, and taller people end up more likely to breed, then that will get passed on, to an extent, to their offspring. Similarly, if another combination produces a shorter person, and being short puts you at a disadvantage, then that's less likely to get passed on because that person's not so likely to reproduce. That's a very simplistic way to describe it, but I think it gives the general idea.
Exactly the same happens today, but because we interbreed across the planet, any changes will be across the whole population, generally speaking.