Jumping in a little late here, but I found this post and had to respond. I have two theories on this.
First of all, what, exactly, constitutes “daydreaming”? Does it mean fantasizing about mythical places and characters, escaping from the world of reality? If that’s the case, I hardly – if ever – do that. To be honest, I don’t think many people – other than the most creative of us – really do (while awake, anyway). I like Wikipedia’s definition of daydreaming (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daydreaming), stating that it usually means fantasizing about the future or reminiscing about past events, of course being associated with the dreamy “blank stare”. This I do a lot.
Wikipedia also talks about “mind-wandering” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind-wandering), and implies that it is different from the traditional definition of “daydreaming”. Mind-wandering means having your mind flit from thought to thought, undirected and uncontrolled by the conscious mind. It apparently happens continuously, and is probably what was actually measured in this experiment. It’s the root cause of traditional daydreaming, since you can’t daydream about something without having the thought first. This is the phenomenon that gets me in trouble – my mind wanders continuously, and when I’m bored, daydreaming inevitably ensues. Actual daydreaming, technically, can be controlled and directed (meaning, of course, that you can willfully picture what kind of house you’d like to buy some day). Mind-wandering cannot. It’s always there, running in the background, no matter what.
However… when’s the last time your mind wandered while riding a roller coaster? Enter theory #1:
Dr. Edward Hallowell is a leading authority on Attention Deficit Disorder. He is a psychiatrist and former Harvard professor, but most importantly he has ADHD himself – therefore I’m more inclined to believe his theories on the subject. He proposed that clinical testing for ADD/ADHD can result in a lot of false negatives, because oftentimes the inattentive symptoms of the disorder tend to disappear completely in a high stimulation, testing environment. People with AD/HD crave stimulation – it provides an outlet for their unfocused energy. For many people with ADHD, the novelty of sitting in a clinical setting, performing a test, is the perfect example of this sort of stimulation.
Autistics are also strongly affected by stimulation. We crave certain forms of it, and others make us incredibly anxious. One thing that – generally – makes us anxious is a new situation. While those with ADHD may crave novelty, for autistics it causes anxiety. But either way, it is a high stimulation environment. Both people with ADHD and autism would probably not experience nearly as much daydreaming (or even mind-wandering) in such an environment. And certainly not for 21 second intervals. It would be interesting to see how the results would change if they conducted the same test every day for several days – the novelty would eventually wear off, and the autistics might start showing some more “normal” brain activity.
To not experience mind-wandering at all, to me, would suggest some sort of catatonic state. Mind-wandering is absolutely necessary for all conscious thought. Without thought, there would be no logic. And, if anything, autistics have proven to thrive at logic. So here is theory #2:
Perhaps our mind-wandering doesn’t happen in the background. As many of the previous posts have stated, perhaps our mind-wandering/daydreaming simply takes place in another part of our brains – the foreground, as opposed to the background – and therefore wouldn’t show up on a scan in the same way an NT’s would. As I said before, my mind-wandering gets me in trouble. I’m always aware of it. It gets me off task and causes me a lot of problems at work and in social situations. It has long been said that autistics seem disconnected – living in their own world – well this could be a very good reason why. We can’t easily switch between the “real world” and the world inside our minds, because our brains just aren’t wired to do so.