In 1950, Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (1911-1986) published "Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health".
The book is treated as if it were a holy scripture by Scientologists and they treat it as if it were the cornerstone of their church, their religion, and what they consider to be their science. Hubbard tells the reader that dianetics "... contains a therapeutic technique with which can be treated all inorganic mental ills and all organic psycho-somatic ills, with assurance of complete cure...". However, in a disclaimer on the frontispiece of the book, we are told that "Scientology and its sub-study, Dianetics, as practiced by the Church, does not wish to accept individuals who desire treatment of physical illness or insanity but refers these to qualified specialists of other organizations who deal in these matters."
The disclaimer seems clearly to have been a protective mechanism against lawsuits for practicing medicine without a license; yet the author repeatedly insists that dianetics can cure just about anything that ails you. He also repeatedly insists that dianetics is a science. Yet, just about anyone familiar with scientific texts will be able to tell from the first few pages of Dianetics that the text is no scientific work and the author no scientist.
Conclusion: Dianetics is a classic example of a pseudoscience (e.g., False Science). L. Ron Hubbard is no more ethical than any other snake-oil salesman.
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The term 'ancient astronauts' designates the purely speculative notion that aliens are responsible for the most ancient civilizations on earth. The most notorious proponent of this idea is Erich von Däniken, author of several popular books on the subject. His "Chariots of the Gods? Unsolved Mysteries of the Past", for example, is a sweeping attack on the memories and abilities of ancient peoples. Von Däniken claims that the myths, arts, social organizations, et cetera, of ancient cultures were introduced by astronauts from other worlds. He questions not just the capacity for memory, but the capacity for culture, intelligence, and civilization itself, in ancient peoples. According to von Däniken's fanstasies, prehistoric humans did not develop their own arts and technologies, but rather were taught art and science by visitors from outer space.
Where is the proof for von Däniken's claims? Much of it is outright fraudulent. For example, von Däniken produced photographs of pottery that he claimed had been found in an archaeological dig. The pottery depicts flying saucers and was said to have been dated from Biblical times. However, investigators from Nova (the fine public-television science program) found the potter who had made the allegedly ancient pots. They confronted von Däniken with evidence of his fraud. His reply was that his deception was justified because some people would only believe if they saw proof ("The Case of the Ancient Astronauts," first aired 1978-03-08, done in conjunction with BBC's Horizon and Peter Spry-Leverton)!
Conclusion: Obviously, von Däniken could not tell the difference between fantasy and theory, a common affliction among UFOlogists and other woo-woo believers.
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