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There is any possible expriment that can be made to see who of the 4 criteria is the better?
This is a hard question to answer without writing a 10 page essay, but i'll try and keep it as simple as possible. Hopefully by the end, you'll realise that the answer to your question is "NO" but you'll also realise that this doesn't suggest psychiatry isn't a science.
You need to understand the nature of diagnosis criteria and mental health issues, I'll use schizophrenia as an example. There are hundreds of proteins required for dopamine pathways and receptors to function properlly. Any mutation to the gene's that code for these proteins can lead to schizophrenia, some mutations will only lead to schizophrenia if they are present with other specific mutations. NDMA is another neurotransmitter implicated with schizophrenia. Some cases of schizophrenia could be due to a mixed cause of a NDMA and Dopamine receptor disfunction. Technically schziophrenia isn't a singular disease at all, it's a blanket term for a group of disesaes with similar side-effects.
Put simply when you are diagnosed with a mental health condition with a set of diagnostic criteria, you aren't being diagnosed as having a singular condition, you are being placed into a group of conditions. Why are they doing this to us? because put simply, their knowledge at this present time is lacking. Science is a process, they're learning new things daily and with each day our treatment of mental health disorders will improve. There have been many mistakes in the past, because our knowledge back then was even worse than it is today.
Another problem, is at the present time we don't have cost or time effective technology to accurately assess the underling cause of an individuals problems. We also don't have a complete exhaustive list of underlying causes.
One of two things can happen, we can decide that everyone without a known underlying cause for their mental health issues isn't worth our time despite any disabilities they have. Or we can decide that our knowledge isn't complete, everyone with a problem deserves medical help and we can use "diagnostic criteria" to try and catch as many people who need help as possible.
If you're still with me after reading all of that, you'll realise that it isn't possible to "test" which criteria is better. The only part of the criteria that really matters is the part that states you have an impairment in important area's of functioning.
Lastly, read
this and
this. Transgenic and knockout mice are used frequently to assess how gene's affect behaviour.