Female Aspies= Borderline personality disorder??

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dianthus
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21 Dec 2011, 8:21 pm

This suggests that BPD may be quite the opposite of Asperger's...

http://evmedreview.com/?p=535

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A series of studies focusing on theory of mind, emotion, and empathy in Borderline Personality Disorder has generated paradoxical results: patients clearly exhibit distorted interpretations of inter-personal communication and deficits in some theory of mind tasks (e. g., Preißler et al. 2010), but they have also demonstrated, in some studies and in many anecdotal accounts, exquisite capacities to accurately read the emotional states of others. For example, Borderline patients scored higher than healthy controls on some standard tests of social-emotional abilities, such as Baron-Cohen’s “Reading the mind in the eyes” test of mentalizing and the Happé test for inferring thoughts, feelings and intentions of others in social situations (Fertuck et al. 2006; Arntz et al. 2009).

Franzen et al. (2010) have recently extended such studies to the domain of ‘exchange games’, experimental yet naturalistic social-interaction games that tap such human abilities as recognition of fairness and inference of emotional cues from facial expressions of others. In a ‘virtual trust’ game, Borderline patients proved superior to controls in their ability to attribute mental states to interaction partners when emotional cues were present. In particular, patients were less taken-in by emotional cues such as smiles that belied behavioral unfairness, suggesting enhanced skills in detecting the small, subtle, social other- and self-pretexts and deceptions that pervade human interpersonal life. Pervade – but perhaps also harmonize and smooth, such that enhanced emotional and empathic perception may illuminate the dark shadows of human self-interest in a world that glorifies cooperation. The Franzen et al. study provides important new insights into the causes of Borderline Personality Disorder because it yields a possible solution to the Borderline Personality paradox: hyper-developed inter-personal sensitivies may be enhanced yet maladaptive, especially when linked with emotional predispositions and fragility.

Borderline Personality disorder is unusual as one of the few psychiatric conditions strongly biased (about 3:1) towards females, a pattern that dovetails with the enhanced empathic abilities of females, compared to males, in non-clinical populations (Nettle 2007). Moreover, among normal females ‘hyper-empathizing’ has been positively associated with measures of psychosis, suggesting that an ‘extreme female brain’ can be characterized by positive psychotic-affective traits such as paranoia and mania (Brosnan et al. 2010). Such studies provide fundamental new data regarding the adaptive bases of human sex differences in social-brain skills – but more importantly, into the potential roles of hyper-functional human psychological adaptations in psychiatric pathology.



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22 Dec 2011, 1:58 am

I'm pretty sure that bipolar is supposed to develop over time (say, by mid-teens), not be around all of one's life. That's part of the reason for assessing someone for AS based on what their parents say about their early life. Were they also sensitive to noises as a kid? How did they get along with people when they were younger? (Apparently some clinicians in the US say there is such a possibility as childhood BPD, too, but still there is controversy.)

Another distinguishing factor between BPD and aspergers/autism meltdown/shutdown situations is that I'm pretty sure BPD isn't supposed to be triggered by sensory issues, unlike AS. Like with BPD, one is supposed to end up waking up one day feeling totally depressed, or another day, feeling full of energy and manic. Or, more importantly, with BPD, one hour they might be yelling and angry at someone and then suddenly an hour later they might turn manic and happy toward the person and want to treat them to dinner, even with no intervening emotional input. Whereas with AS, one would not be expected to have these odd sorts of mood swings, but possibly get more anxious and irritable in response to stimulus like loud noise or anxiety and then have a meltdown/shutdown, and then the symptoms just gradually go away as the stimuli are removed. That's what I have concluded from my readings and observations, anyway.


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22 Dec 2011, 7:02 am

Verdandi wrote:
The texts discuss the link of ADHD alone and BPD.


Oops, you're right. My mistake.

Here's an excerpt from Uta Frith's classic, Autism and Asperger's Syndrome (taken from Gillberg's essay):

Since the seminal paper by Wing (1981), interest and work in the field have so grown that one senses the presence of a true diagnostic entity--at least from a clinical point of view--which for many years has haunted child and adult psychiatrists alike, variously alluded to as "autism in high-functioning individuals', 'MBD (minimal brain dysfunction) with autistic traits', 'borderline personality', 'schizoid personality disorder'...

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A study I linked in the previous thread made it clear that significantly higher BPD diagnoses were linked to ADHD, but not to ASDs alone or ASDs with ADHD. They were higher than the general population, but not so high they reflect anything but a minority of people diagnosed with ASDs.


Your language is almost laughable... They were higher than the general population, but not so high they reflect anything but a minority of people diagnosed with ASDs. Do you understand that "a minority" could mean just under half? Of course, it doesn't in this case, but still...your trying to squeeze from this study the connotations you desire couldn't be more obvious.

Again, the concept of severity seems to elude you completely. Think about those 47 people who are "ASD only". BPD was found in 10% of them. But how many of them are so autistic that they are simply incapable of typical BPD-type behavior? You can't leave a trail of failed relationships behind you if you are incapable of entering into them to begin with--in other words, the BPD profile can only occur in relatively high-functioning autistics. How many of those 47 are too impaired for BPD? Take them out, and watch that 10% soar.

It was found in 14% of the ASD/ADHD subjects...what happens when we take out the "too severe for BPD" folks out of that group?

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Also, that was pretty strange of you to attempt to appeal to Kanner and Asperger in reference to Dena in that video. They dealt with children, and Hans Asperger claimed that only boys had had the autistic psychopathy. Their expertise is irrelevant because the science and understanding around autism has advanced well beyond what they established. I'm not going to deny that they did something valuable with their work, but you really can't use them as an argument against a particular person today being autistic. It's irrelevant and meaningless. I believe the appropriate logical fallacy is "appeal to authority." As for the researchers in those studies, I can't say what they would do because I am not them and I don't react well to leading questions.


More disordered thinking. My mentioning Kanner and Asperger had absolutely nothing to do with gender, or patient age, or appealing to authority. The only connotation I was trying to make, and the only one that a normal reader should've gleaned, is that they would have rejected Dena's diagnosis on the basis of SEVERITY.

Of course, it may be true that "the science and understanding around autism has advanced well beyond what they established", but for the most part this has meant EXPANDING THE CONCEPT OF AUTISM TO INCLUDE LESS SEVERELY IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS--in other words, loaning the word "autism" and "Asperger's" to people who would've been labeled with BPD, another personality disorder, emotional disturbance, etc. Does that mean that those people, if they received a diagnosis of BPD at some point, should be considered misdiagnosed? No. It just means that nowadays people like to interpret the dysfunction of these individuals in different terms.



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22 Dec 2011, 7:06 am

dianthus wrote:
This suggests that BPD may be quite the opposite of Asperger's...


http://www.wrongplanet.net/postp4168439 ... t=#4168439

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As a general rule, any time you ask if autism and [undesirable condition] are related on this forum, you'll get all kinds of posters showing you how they are somehow, in fact, diametric opposites.

:lol:

Don't believe them. They are either lying or simply wrong.



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22 Dec 2011, 11:34 am

I was almost diagnosed with BPD because the psychiatrist thought a girl my age can't have autism (or ADD). She insisted I had symptoms I had not and she insisted that I wasn't telling the truth when I told her about my symptoms, my difficulties, my feelings and my (sensory) perception.

The diagnosis was later ruled out entirely during an assessment that literally found no evidence for BPD.


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22 Dec 2011, 11:47 am

Poke, you are male. You may not realize that there is a gender bias that is very real.

The fact is diagnostic standards are normalized for males. All too often females are diagnosed with some "female" disorder because the diagnostician can't look beyond the male normalization to see that women present differently. Or that women/girls could have a "male" disorder at all. This happens frequently. Women have different symptoms for heart attacks than do men and have died because their symptoms were ignored.


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22 Dec 2011, 5:20 pm

I think that the autism diagnosis has expanded to include both less and more impaired individuals since the descriptions of Kanner and Asperger. All the children described by Kanner and Asperger seem to fit what would today be called "HFA" or "AS".



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22 Dec 2011, 6:40 pm

I'm a guy but I was diagnosed with Borderline & about 10 other things when I was officially tested for AS. What happened was I had my 1st relationship when I was 20 & I had a mental breakdown after it ended. Most all the psychs, docs & other experts I've saw seemed to think AS & autism were like less sever form of mental retardation. They thought I communicated too well verbally & seemed too intelligent to have anything on the autism spectrum. The quacks diagnosed me with borderline to explain some of my Aspie & my emotional issues I was having at the time. Aspies can be very emotionally immature compared to people their own age. I would NOT of been diagnosed with borderline if I would of been a 13-year old who had a breakdown like that over my 1st relationship but Sense I was almost 21 & the quacks didn't believe I had AS; I got borderline to explain that. I doubt I would get dingdonged with borderline now because some of those issues have gotten a lot better after I quit seeing psychs & taking meds


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22 Dec 2011, 9:46 pm

SylviaLynn wrote:
Poke, you are male. You may not realize that there is a gender bias that is very real.

The fact is diagnostic standards are normalized for males. All too often females are diagnosed with some "female" disorder because the diagnostician can't look beyond the male normalization to see that women present differently.


You missed my point completely.

It's not that diagnostic standards IN GENERAL are "normalized" for males, it's just that some condition profiles generally fit men better and some generally fit women better. There's a "gender bias" in Asperger's too...only it skews male rather than female. But men don't complain about it. No one is marching around demanding that their Asperger's diagnosis be recast in terms of BPD (or NPD, or whatever).

The issue is simply that Asperger's (CLINICALLY speaking) doesn't have all of the built-in negative connotations that BPD does--they're basically left out of the diagnostic criteria. So although the POPULAR concept of Asperger's does carry negative connotations, the person with Asperger's can always play the "criteria card" and try to spin it such that the condition doesn't equate with "bad person". You can't do this with BPD because those "bad person" traits are actually built into the diagnostic criteria.

But does this mean that these "gender biases" don't correlate with reality? Of course not. It's an unfortunate and unfair situation in some ways, but the solution isn't to add confusion where there is too much already.



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22 Dec 2011, 9:57 pm

Samara1991 wrote:
By talking to other people with Aspergers I have realized that most of the girls who are diagnosed later in life are first diagnosed with Borderline personality disorder, including myself. Personally the only thing I could think of that would lead to that diagnosis would be my meltdowns that tended to look like a major mood swing. Any other experiences with being misdiagnosed with borderline and your thoughts on it?


I have never been diagnosed with BPD. I assume the fact that I can't fabricate stories and that I am not manipulative are the main reasons. Also I don't really form attachments to anyone, nevermind intense attachments.



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22 Dec 2011, 10:11 pm

yayjess wrote:
I have never been diagnosed with BPD. I assume the fact that I can't fabricate stories and that I am not manipulative are the main reasons. Also I don't really form attachments to anyone, nevermind intense attachments.


While these are perfectly logical assumptions, the fact is that it's easy to get a BPD diagnosis from some practitioners. Especially when it comes to dealing with women who may have ADHD or autism and clinicians who are averse to diagnosing women with these or even suspecting their presence.

Anyway, I don't think an ability to fabricate stories is necessary for BPD, and the "manipulative" aspect is a rather managed perception. People diagnosed with BPD are treated as if many things they do, no matter how reasonable, are manipulative. Looking at a clock can be interpreted as fear of abandonment, trying to get help might be perceived as attention-seeking. Generally speaking, people who should be diagnosed with BPD are not necessarily consciously manipulative (although they can be) and what they do that is interpreted as manipulation is actually very overt and thus really awful as a form of manipulation.

No one I know perceives me as manipulative or dishonest, and I don't form intense attachments. And when I do form attachments with people I have no idea what to do with them and things fall apart. I can fabricate stories, but I'm a terrible liar. I was diagnosed.



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22 Dec 2011, 10:21 pm

For all the gender bias regarding ADHD I was diagnosed with it at age 18 without a hitch, but maybe only because I went in to be tested specifically for that. I had already self-diagnosed, and had been prescribed Ritalin by a GP. My college said I needed an official diagnosis to get accomodations. My parents' insurance didn't cover testing so I went through the local vocational rehab dept because they covered it if you were having trouble in school. They sent me to a psychologist who specialized in ADHD.

If I had been going to a therapist not knowing what I needed to be tested for, and hoping they would figure it out, who knows what they might have come up with. No one prior to that had ever suspected I had ADHD.



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23 Dec 2011, 10:53 am

Poke, i find it interesting that any time Verdandi posts about her misdiagnosis, you're in there like a dirty shirt trying to cast doubt on her statements. i think it says a great deal about you that you seem to have taken that approach. that level of vindictive manipulation and targeted attention-seeking seems highly unusual for a person diagnosed with AS. it's very curious.


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23 Dec 2011, 1:09 pm

How come a practiser can easily claim that an autistic person's autism is actually BPD?

Well this is what happened to me and I see how this can happen to other autistic females who don't have a co-morbid BPD too:

Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

I explained that I usually do not understand other people's reactions. I raised the concern that other people's emotional reactions and changes of opinions are unpredictable and that this is a huge issue because a lot of people seem to dislike and avoid me. I also said that time and time again I get intro trouble at school and in clubs and that the children and adults there bully me.

What it apparently meant to the psych (just what she said): my perception is skewed and my subconscious pretends it doesn't know why and when other people react the way they do. Bullying is also a phenomenon I might simply imagine or dramatize. Alternatively (she wasn't sure but learnt to this), I might be lying about not knowing why and when other people react the way they do to appear innocent and make sure I'm not abandoned.

As far as reality goes: I'm a failure at picking up on facial expressions/body language which is one things that made people really unpredictable at the the time that I told the psych that.

A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation.

I explained that I didn't have many friends. I also mentioned that usually, a great number of people take interest in me and treat me very nicely but that they then suddenly turn on me or lose interest in me. I actually made no mention of idealisation or devaluation... but that doesn't matter.

What it definitely meant to the psych: other people do not notice me for being abnormal/atypical because I'm normal. And that because there seems to be a pattern, I was responsible for why people didn't want to associate with me. I treated them rudely and ignored them intentionally.

Reality: well, I'm autistic... I can be pretty aloof sometimes, I guess. Or was it passive?

Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.

I explained that other often claim I can do things that I can not but that they also claim that no person can be good at some things that I am good at. The other issue that apparently was of interest in that aspect was that I said that most people think or thought that I might be mentally ret*d, that I am extremely insecure and that I am emotionally unstable and mis-behaved. (meltdowns, ignoring people, unable to access skills, loss of speech, social impairment, can't tolerate changes)

What the psych said later: that others are right and my perception of myself is wrong.

Reality: not having eye-contact and being (temporarily) unable to talk to someone doesn't have anything to do "insecurity" in my case. Most people don't get why I can do one thing but not another because they don't know autism or know it but fail to understand what it is.

Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., promiscuous sex, eating disorders, binge eating, substance abuse, reckless driving). Note: Do not include suicidal or self-injuring behavior covered in Criterion 5

I don't remember about this, sorry. I think I mentioned that I am impulsive but that's it. At times like these I wonder whether I have a "special interest" after all because I really want to start the game I just received and my memory isn't as cooperative about remembering all details to help write this post as it usually is.

Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threats or self-injuring behavior such as cutting, interfering with the healing of scars (excoriation) or picking at oneself.

I had to fill out a form that asked for self-injurious behaviours. I admitted to head-banging at that time.

What it meant to the psych: I don't know, she never mentioned anything about this.

Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days).

I told of several incidences that probably were taken to be like that:

- I often cried and felt overwhelmed as a child because of crowds, noise, being touched
- one time in school I was prompted to change seats. I resisted, got yelled at, covered my ears with my hands, cried, were touched/yanked and yelled at some more and screamed back... my parents were called to fetch me.

I reported that I get upset if plans get cancelled, if my food isn't exactly as it should be, if people touch me, show up on my doorstep or do things that they don't usually do... so on. I also said that other people often accuse me of being unpredictable, emotionally unstable and insane.

The psych: That was taken to mean I lash out and get upset for no reason. I know that is what it meant to the psychiatrist because she explicitly told me that what I claim bothers me cannot bother anyone.

Note: my mood's pretty stable and in the past, people took freezing up, being stressed about sensory overload and meltdowns to mean that I am unpredictable, emotionally unstable and insane, not realising that I simply reacted to my environment.

Chronic feelings of emptiness

No idea on that one. I don't see how anything I said could be connected to it even in a remotely sane way. It wasn't mentioned unless I misunderstood something.

Inappropriate anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).

I already talked about meltdowns above.

According to the psych: check, I had that symptoms badly.

Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation, delusions or severe dissociative symptoms

According to the psych: somehow, loss of speech and skills, inability to read body language, inability to "put myself in other people's shoes" were "dissociative" though she doubted that me experiencing these things was all real.


Now onto playing DMC, yay.


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23 Dec 2011, 1:16 pm

Nope. Teachers thought I had behavior problems and I was diagnosed with other things; ADD, dyspraxia, sensory processing disorder, cluttering, language processing disorder, and they said I had poor social skills and were suspecting OCD. But I was 12 when diagnosed so I was too young for the BPD label.



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23 Dec 2011, 1:36 pm

nick007 wrote:
I would NOT of been diagnosed with borderline if I would of been a 13-year old who had a breakdown like that over my 1st relationship but Sense I was almost 21 & the quacks didn't believe I had AS; I got borderline to explain that. I doubt I would get dingdonged with borderline now because some of those issues have gotten a lot better after I quit seeing psychs & taking meds


Depending on where you live, adults are just about screwed if they want to get properly diagnosed - even more so if they have Medicaid. That's the trouble I'm having. As I've probably posted far too many times already, in addition to my whole blog about it, I couldn't even get the psychologist I saw at Easter Seals to actually do the assessment I went in for, even though I was very clear about that particular assessment being the sole reason for my being there. I was told on the phone that I could have it done there, but that was apparently a lie, even though they actually do perform such assessments there, as far as I know.

As for medications, which various people have complained about when it comes to their down side / side effects: My girlfriend only needed to try antidepressants once in her life to see why I won't take them. Wow, did she get sick! She could barely stand up after just a short while of taking them. And I only ever took them in the low doses they give to people with fibromyalgia. There was no dose low enough for me to not be emotionally and physically screwed up, and the higher amounts did nothing to help me anyway. Now they're pushing Lyrica on people with fibromyalgia. That was actually developed as anti-seizure medicine. Now, I know effective medicines of various sorts are developed for one thing and then discovered to be appropriate for something else. So, it's not as one doctor thought, that I simply got scared because I didn't understand that simple fact and therefore objected to taking it for a nonsense reason. The fact is that taking anti-seizure drugs can increase the risk of seizures in someone who's never had them before, especially if you take them and then stop (which you would want to do if the side-effects are too bad and/or the medicine doesn't help you). Furthermore, as with antidepressants, the risk of suicide goes up. That's what happened to my uncle. He took anti-seizure medication of some sort for his back pain, and then he killed himself. I've also learned the tendency to react that way can run in families. I don't want to die for taking a type of medicine all the time for a problem that comes and goes. My main problem with fibromyalgia is constant fatigue, varying from mild to debilitating, anyway. So, I won't touch Lyrica.

For someone for whom drugs actually do stabilize mood or prevent seizures, they're medicine. For me, those drugs are poison.


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