Interview With Simon Baron Cohen - Need Your Help
I think this should be civil and not an attack or shouting match. The problem is that SBC and his theories/agenda are a big flash point for Autistics everywhere, and it's easy to get caught up in emotion (even for Autistics-lol). I'm really interested in understanding where he is coming from.
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?No great art has ever been made without the artist having known danger? ~ Rainer Maria Rilke
Has anyone on this site ever felt like someone was talking to you like you were an idiot, and you knew it was because they weren't getting the usual cues but they couldn't make the leap to dealing with someone different than them, and you got frustrated because you were communicating perfectly clearly but they refused to understand you, and they wanted you to believe it was your fault?
Simon Baron-Cohen is one of those people. He believes we're idiots and he wants the public to believe we're idiots. He isn't doing it deliberately, it's just run of the mill ignorance, but it protects his belief system and he won't let it go.
An honest interview with him would very politely, very reasonably, very respectfully tear him a new as*hole. TM, I challenge you to do a better interview than Kim Wombles where she exposes SBC's prejudice here: http://www.science20.com/countering_tac ... lity-79669
The online autism community is just one sector of the autistic population: namely, those with at least average intelligence, who can therefore use the internet. They are sometimes referred to as having “high-functioning autism” or Asperger Syndrome. This sector of the autistic population may not havezero degrees of empathy but they do tend to have below average levels of empathy on different measures that research have used. These include (but are not restricted to) the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test, or the Empathy Quotient (EQ).
Many people with autism in the remainder of the spectrum may well have absolutely zero degrees of empathy, as shown in failing the False Belief Test (theory of mind) that even a typical 4 year old child can pass, but which is failed by many children with autism who have a mental age above 4 years old. Many may not even show “joint attention” that even a typical 18 month old toddler can show, such as spontaneously following another person’s gaze. A meta-analysis review of false belief studies by Francesca Happe in 1995 found that most children with autism take until the age of 11 years old to pass this test, which is a 7 year delay (see attached graph and the recent paper by Senju, 2011). Even among children with Asperger Syndrome or high functioning autism, delays in “social sensitivity” (such as detecting faux pas) are seen, despite their average or above average IQ.
Thus, among scientists and clinicians there is near universal agreement that autism spectrum conditions are characterized by delays and disabilities in the cognitive component of empathy (theory of mind). These difficulties are only revealed when age-appropriate and mental-age appropriate tests are used, and sometimes required more subtle tests (so-called “advanced” theory of mind tests).
So why might people with autism in the online community challenge this view? One possibility is that it is in the nature of empathy that people who are low in empathy are often the last people to be aware of it. This is because empathy goes hand-in-hand with self-awareness, or imagining how others see you, and it is in this very area that people with autism struggle. A better source of information for whether someone with autism has an empathy disability might therefore be a third party, such as a teacher or parent or independent observer. When it comes to empathy, self-report is highly unreliable. For this reason, I would always advise that results from the questionnaires like the EQ (the self-report version) should be corroborated by other independent sources of evidence. An analogy might be with colour blindness. Many people who are colour blind are the last people to know about it, until they are given a test of it by an optician or vision scientist. They simply assumed that they were seeing the same colours as everyone else.
He's saying that we're stupid and we aren't allowed to deny it, that only experts like him can decide who we are. That's paternalism. If you don't challenge it you disrespect us all.
Does who interview me?
When I looked at the ARC web site some time ago, there was a note saying that anyone who had been diagnosed was welcome to participate in research. I participated in ARC research earlier this year and since then I have been contacted three more times by other research centres wanting to know if I would be willing to be a research participant. At first I was enthusiastic abou the idea of participating in research and now I'm going off the idea slightly...
I'm not sure how I feel about being a human guinea pig. But, hey. I might feel differently tomorrow!
I dont really know. But I figure theres ways of having some control over the sample so it'll give you the results you are looking for. How that is done is the psych fields, I wouldnt know.
Simon Baron-Cohen is one of those people. He believes we're idiots and he wants the public to believe we're idiots. He isn't doing it deliberately, it's just run of the mill ignorance, but it protects his belief system and he won't let it go.
Sadly, you are quite on the mark. SBC is so myopic in his research and vision that he can't see the Autistic forest for the trees. And because he claims that his research is "scientific," you can't question it (especially if you are Autistic). Unfortunately, he will most likely never change, and will keep convincing more NTs that his flawed ideas are legitimate science.
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?No great art has ever been made without the artist having known danger? ~ Rainer Maria Rilke
Tambourine Man, there was a fascinating editorial piece by SBC in The Guardian yesterday (http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree ... rs-breivik). Would you be willing to ask if there are any evolutionary advantages to lacking affective or cognitive empathy?
PS: Sorry, can't get the link to work despite several attempts.
PS: Sorry, can't get the link to work despite several attempts.
Some of the content parsing is a bit fragile so it's often easiest to have the URL on its own line or just delimit it with spaces.
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Giraffe: a ruminant with a view.
I think a better term in describing the Autistic's response to social situations would be: " a lack of proper emotional affect" or "a different type of emotional affect" as compared to neuro-typicals. Somewhere down the line, research went from a general recognition that those on the spectrum showed a difference in 'emotional affect' than neuro-typicals to specifically citing 'lack of empathy' as the defining emotional characteristic of Autism. Too often, lack of empathy has become a catch all phrase to justify the science behind the autistics mindset without recognition of his or hers humanity. I ask for more sensitivity without compromising science in researching and describing those who maybe different than US. One would never see a headline stating: Lack of Empathy in Neuro-Typical Children Ravage Educational System. The research is there and can be easily quantified BUT i believe the term used to describe this behavior is: Bullying.
TheSunAlsoRises
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7) How did he get his samples of people? Researchers can easily skew results based on select samples of people.
What is his perspective on female aspies/autistics incorporated into this whole autism male brain theory.
I came across a recent blog critique of this (Link).
To quote the parts most relevant to here :
First, the whole concept of "systematizing" is due to Baron-Cohen. He created this concept and he markets it. As I have written earlier, the questionnaire he used to define "systematizing" behavior is loaded with bad questions which, whether intended or not, will confuse gender roles with "systematizing" behavior. To understand what he really intends by the term, let's just say that he believes men are logical and women are emotional.*:
In his book "The Essential Difference," the Cambridge University neuroscientist Simon Baron-Cohen wrote: “The female brain is predominately hard-wired for empathy. The male brain is predominately hard-wired for understanding and building systems.”
Second, the concept of "an extreme male brain" as the autistic mind is also his. He assigns emotional brains to the female sex and logical brains to the male sex, never mind that even his biased test cannot get there and never mind that there is no reason why the two characteristics should not be both present at the same time, both high or both low and so on...
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"Cambridge University’s Autism Research Centre is now asking members of the public who are graduates and parents to take part in a survey which will investigate any links between educational achievement, what kind of job they have and how their children develop."
(This) new study will attempt to find out whether two ‘strong systemisers’ do indeed have a higher chance of producing autistic children.
Note,...that the planned study is already endangered. He is asking people to self-select for the study, while openly informing the potential participants what it is that he hopes to find.
So, why does he only look for supporting evidence for his own theories? Why not consider that his tests are skewed ? Why let test participants self-select based on announced expected outcomes? Why continue the circular referential confirmation that was present from Asperger onwards in only looking for behaviour according to male specific traits ? Shouldn't funding go to better designed studies? Who is out there who is countering his theories on a similar level of professional standing and funding ? Is it truly democratic or personality cult based?
That may not have been civil enough. Mind you, if it were more civil it would be 3 times as long and less understandable.
Try to envision it, this way. Every developmental milestone is a piece of a puzzle, slowly and methodically, crafting the physiological and psychological identity of the individual. The puzzle is to be completed within a specific range of time; every piece in it's proper position and serving a particular function. IF a piece(s) of the puzzle is missing or altered by outside force(s), we attempt to 'see the whole picture' by using the pieces that we have to work with.
To me, 'Lack of Theory of Mind' or 'Delay in Theory of Mind' or Objectified Theory of Mind' (which are different than Lack Theory of Mind ) are simply a result of the social impairments found in developing Autistic children which tend to follow to different degrees into adulthood.
Let's look at this for a moment. A lack of pretend play, lack of imitation, lack of joint attention, lack of eye contact. lack of social engagement and reciprocity, etc could be looked upon as fundamental criteria found in the disruption of ToM. In other words, it's simply a conglomeration of the social impairments found in the developing Autistic. Now, having said that, why must we make a leap from lack of ToM to "lacking Empathy" ? A child running up and down the hall, flapping his hands back and forth, and covering his ears because of unbearable noise levels has more to worry about than trying to figure out the mind state of another person in relation to his own. He or She might quite possibly be indifferent to your concerns or experiencing external empathy vs, internal empathy or none of the above. And, the 'high functioning Autistic child' directed to participate in a game which test ToM will probably possess any number of the fundamental areas of social impairments i listed above. See previous paragraphs for explanation.
When dealing with ToM in reference to Autistics; you have to think in terms of TIME and SPACE : )
The only way research is gonna change is for some of u bright and capable folks to pursue this area of interest, passionately. I know any of you can do IT.
TheSunAlsoRises
He says no such thing and there is nothing in the interview that you provide that supports your assertion. In fact, in your post SBC refers twice to some autists having at least normal intelligence (keeping in mind that this is a spectrum condition). For example, he defines the online community as:
And again specifically refers to intelligence:
SBC theorises that there are two types of empathy: cognitive and affective. He states that autistics lack cognitive empathy but do not lack affective empathy. He defines cognitive empathy as:
and affective empathy as:
He goes on to say that:
In contrast, those with antisocial personality disorder (including psychopaths) typically have the opposite profile: they have no trouble reading other people's thoughts and feelings (intact cognitive empathy) but other people's suffering is of no concern to them.
I challenge you to provide me with a transcript of an interview with SBC or an article written by SBC in a peer-reviewed journal where he states that he thinks we are idiots.
If someone believes you're good at puzzles but you have no self-awareness, they'll talk to you like you're an idiot. Everything SBC states and his entire attitude says he believes autistics are good-natured robots. A lot of his writing isn't in peer reviewed journals, and for good reason.
I have more "cognitive empathy" than every psychopath I've met, because my special interest is people. SBC confuses most autistics' lack of interest in people with a lack of ability. Maybe you like to be patronised?
Unfortunately, there are a number of people who are going to talk to you like you're an idiot regardless of your abilities and self-awareness. How you react to the tone and manner in which someone speaks to you can make a whole lot of difference. Personally, I prefer to let me actions speak louder than words.
Although the saying goes: IF you've seen one person with Autism; you've seen one person with Autism. i think there is a tendency to characterize Autistics as being good natured and child-like in demeanor (innocent). I think in the coming years more people with Autism are going to be called upon or feel the need to address stereotypical images and misnomers concerning themselves. It's part of the growing pains that most minorities face when becoming acclimated to the greater society at large. I think this site has done well in showing a diverse talented spectrum(no pun intended) of people with Autism.
In regards to Dr. Simon Baron -Cohen: I watched him interview a man with Aspergers named Daniel Tammet on a BBC special. Dr. Baron-Cohen seemed layed back, respectful, and professional. In my humble opinion, he treated the man good-naturedly and far from like a robot. His writings in academic journals and popular press, i enjoy because i find the subject matter fascinating. His numerous academic research papers are as thorough and well written as anyone in the academic field. His writings in the popular press are tailored to his audience.
interest in people with a lack of ability.
I'm going to let you think about the sentence i highlighted in bold print for a moment before i respond. Dr. Baron- Cohen recognizes the Autistic strengths in his empathizing-systemising theory via systemising.
TheSunAlsoRises
Last edited by TheSunAlsoRises on 04 Dec 2011, 4:44 am, edited 1 time in total.
Okay, well I have an abundance of whatever kind of "empathy" means you know exactly the effect people are having on each other, the levels they're each working on, the degrees of misunderstanding between them, how emotionally involved they all are, and I can say that Simon Baron-Cohen talks to autistics the way someone would talk to their senile grandmother. Maybe you have a different kind of empathy that means you can't see that, or maybe you learned when you were a child to take that kind of treatment. If you can't see it, he does helpfully tell you that YOU HAVE NO SELF-AWARENESS. Those are his words and that's the point of view he's advancing through the media.
In my previous post, I made it perfectly clear on what i thought of the characterization of 'lack of empathy' in Autism. I don't agree with IT. And, i believe over-time it will be proven wrong and/or a more appropriate term will be used to describe the behavior in question.
Go to Google and Type in Autism. I guarantee you that you are going to find thousands of different research articles by prominent autism academics saying hundreds of contradictory things on ASD's. I don't let these articles define Autism for me. In other words, I don't look at an article that says adult men with Autism have larger heads than neuro-typicals and take it personally because I have a small head. I don't look at video tapes of precious little children who suffer from autism and feel the need to tell the world that's not ME and Autism. And, i don't feel need to tell Dr. Baron-Cohen that his views on empathizing are invalid because it's NOT ME. When i challenge these views, it's based on anecdotal evidence and/or data that 1) it's NOT MY BROTHERS and SISTERS or 2) It IS MY BROTHERS and SISTERS 2) or BOTH
I'm an old warrior. I know who i am.
TheSunAlsoRises