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i will just be heartbroken if i passed this onto him
Don't be. If he does have AS, he's lucky - he has a parent who understands the condition. I'm sure you can think of things your own parents could have handled better if they knew what you know about yourself. Having AS gives you a big advantage in parenting an AS child well.
And AS people can be as successful and happy as any NT. Prospects are especially good for a child who is given understanding and support from an early age.
Anyway, to answer your question, they haven't fully sorted out the cause of AS, but the best theory is that it's the combination of several hundred different genes together, possibly with some environmental factors as well. And that the specific cause is different for different individuals. There are hundreds of genetic conditions which have been linked to a higher likelihood of being on the autism spectrum (such as Fragile X, RSH Syndrome, isodicentric chromosome 15, Rett Syndrome variants, etc). Though most autistics have none of those conditions, they may have milder mutations of some of the same genes involved in some of those conditions.