Oxytocin

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TheMachine1
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03 Feb 2007, 12:59 am

I reading the website http://www.biopsychiatry.com/ and found this

Quote:

Oxytocin is a natural anti-anxiety agent: the "cuddle hormone". Several drug companies, notably Wyeth, are investigating its patentable synthetic analogues. Oxytocin builds trust by reducing activity in the fear-processing circuitry of the amygdala. Taken off-label, oxytocin can be inhaled as an intranasal spray to combat social phobia. It reduces shyness and normal social anxiety. More controversially, oxytocin can be applied as an odourless body-spray to manipulate the responses of other people: "trust in a bottle". Nature's social peptide is also critical to pair-bonding. In future, mastery of the oxytocin system may allow us to control our degree of fidelity and attachment to each other far more effectively than marriage vows. The sociological implications of the widespread use and abuse of "social Viagra" would be far-reaching. It should be stressed that research into the safe and sustainable enrichment of human oxytocin function has barely begun.

I did a search on WP and see its been mentioned by NJwlss

http://www.wrongplanet.net/modules.php? ... n&start=45

NJwlss wrote:

goomba wrote:

Is oxytocin the "cuddle hormone"? I know when I am touching or being intimate with my SO then I feel good. We will often just hold each other for long periods of time to experience such feelings and to converse.

yeah, it's also called the trust and bonding hormone and helps read body language. they've found out that aspies tend to have lower levels of oxytocin. that might explain why we have trouble making friends. or maybe it's that we can't friends and that leads to lower oxytocin levels. either way, it's interesting. google "aspergers and oxytocin" and there's some cool articles.

Any way I did a web search and see there is alot on hits on "aspergers and oxytocin"
I'm curious if anyone here has used it or has any thoughts on it?

http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v28/n ... 0021a.html

Quote:

Neuropsychopharmacology (2003) 28, 193-198.
doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300021

Oxytocin Infusion Reduces Repetitive Behaviors in Adults with Autistic and Asperger's Disorders

Eric Hollander1, Sherie Novotny1, Margaret Hanratty1, Rona Yaffe1, Concetta M DeCaria1, Bonnie R Aronowitz1 and Serge Mosovich1

1Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA

Correspondence: Dr E Hollander, Department of Psychiatry, Box 1230, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: +212 241 3623; Fax: +212 987 4031; E-mail: [email protected]

Received 19 February 2002
Revised 19 June 2002
Accepted 24 June 2002

ABSTRACT

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysfunction in three core behavioral domains: repetitive behaviors, social deficits, and language abnormalities. There is evidence that abnormalities exist in peptide systems, particularly the oxytocin system, in autism spectrum patients. Furthermore, oxytocin and the closely related peptide vasopressin are known to play a role in social and repetitive behaviors. This study examined the impact of oxytocin on repetitive behaviors in 15 adults with autism or Asperger's disorder via randomized double-blind oxytocin and placebo challenges. The primary outcome measure was an instrument rating six repetitive behaviors: need to know, repeating, ordering, need to tell/ask, self-injury, and touching. Patients with autism spectrum disorders showed a significant reduction in repetitive behaviors following oxytocin infusion in comparison to placebo infusion. Repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders may be related to abnormalities in the oxytocin system, and may be partially ameliorated by synthetic oxytocin infusion.

Keywords: autism; Asperger's disorder; oxytocin; peptide; obsessive-compulsive behaviors

http://bestsyndication.com/?q=120406_ad ... atment.htm

Quote:

New research is showing some promise with the treatment of two autism groups with the use of oxytocin. The research is first being presented at the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology's Annual Meeting (ACNP) annual meeting this week in Hollywood, Florida.

The study involved adults with autism and the use of oxytocin administered by intravenous fluid and nasal technologies. The high-functioning adult autism patients, also known as Asperger’s Syndrome participated in this study.

"Studies with animals have found that oxytocin plays a role in a variety of behaviors, including parent-child and adult-to-adult pair bonding, social memory, social cognition, anxiety reduction and repetitive behaviors," explained Dr. Bartz PhD and presenter of the study. "However," adds Dr. Hollander, MD, who is also presenting at the ACNP meeting, "we have only recently considered that administration of oxytocin can have behavioral effects. Autism is a particularly ripe neuropsychiatric disorder for studying this approach because it presents with the types of symptoms that have been found to be associated with the oxytocin system."

SilentJohn
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03 Feb 2007, 1:04 am

one of the side affects Ozy Contin seems to have a lot on me is sneezing...i wonder why...

goomba
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03 Feb 2007, 1:22 am

One thing people say about me is I am guarded and it takes a while for me to get to know someone enough for me to trust them (maybe 1 month of continuous exposure to this person). And I have noticed the calming effects of hugs, but only from someone I want the hug from.

TheMachine1
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03 Feb 2007, 1:30 am

http://www.verolabs.com/

This company sales a Oxytocin body spray. No mention of how much Oxytocin in it. Plus I think Oxytocin is normally refrigerated when not in the powder form.

I found a site were a spokes person for vero lab quoted the amount of Oxytocin in the
product is a trade seceret (in other words likely very little )

http://www.hugthemonkey.com/oxytocin_th ... index.html

Quote:

Hug: How much oxytocin is in a dose? How did you arrive at this dilution?

Gilden: That's always a sticky question. It's a fair question, but for this company, the formula is its biggest asset. It can be verified that the product contains oxytocin, but the ratio of oxytocin in Liquid Trust is a trade secret.

A forum site ran by a company selling for verolab seemed to have mostly negative things to say about the product. So its clearily contains close to zero Oxytocin.

This is a compounding pharamacy http://www.leesilsby.com/autism.html
that will prepar an oxytocin nasal spray according to your doctor rx. Assuming you
can find a doctor to off lable rx to you.

http://www.elephantcare.org/Drugs/oxytocin.htm

Quote:

One unit is equivalent of approximately 2.0 - 2.2 micrograms of pure hormone.

Commercial preparations of oxytocin injection have their pH adjusted with acetic acid to 2.5-4.5 and multi-dose vials generally contain chlorbutanol 0.5% as a preservative.

I see the typical nasal spray is 40 units per ml .

http://www.genscript.com/cgi-bin/produc ... JAodr2TAnA

This company stocks 5 mg Oxytocin >95% for $ 57.00

40 X 2.00 / .95 = 84.21 mcg /ml

5000 x .95 /84.21 = 56.4 ml of 40 unit solution

5 mg 95% Oxytocin

0.005 X 56.4 x 1000 = 282 mg chlorobutanol

enough distilled water to make 56.4 ml

adjust ph to a range suitable for nasal use?

More info on a nasal spray in this patent http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6333313.html

Quote:

Thus, the aqueous nasal solutions usually are isotonic and slightly buffered to maintain a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.

http://www.hugthemonkey.com/2006/10/a_w ... _oxyt.html

Quote:

The kids inhale 37.5 units once a day.

37.5 /40 = 0.94 ml daily

56.4 / 0.94 = 60 day suppy from above 95% 5 mg Oxytocin

So it about a dollar a day or so.

Revenant
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03 Feb 2007, 7:57 am

Yes, oxytocin helps people bond. It is released when a mother breastfeeds her child, during labour controactions and upon orgasm. Certainly explains why breastfeeding brings mother and child closer, and why women having sexual orgasm with their husbands are more likely to stay with them.

If one cannot get a prescription for oxytocin spray, consume the amino acid L-arginine. It will contribute to higher oxytocin release from the pituitary.

Please be aware that street drugs supress oxytocin production, which is why (ab)users(especially marijuana and cocaine (ab)users) become paranoid.

matt271
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03 Feb 2007, 9:09 am

i heard someone at my school ODed on this, along w/ several other drugs, and died.

lemon
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03 Feb 2007, 11:13 am

it sounds interesting but i don't know whether i'd trust it

OddDuckNash99
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03 Feb 2007, 1:26 pm

The oxytocin theory has some major flaws in it. The results from Oxytocin Infusion Reduces Repetitive Behaviors in Adults with Autistic and Asperger's Disorders did seem to cut down on time spent stimming and pursuing "special interests," but oxytocin infusion in OCD-ers in the same study increased obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Something else has to be going on because of people (like me) who have both Asperger's and OCD. And there hasn't been any definite evidence that Pitocin to induce labor leads to a higher risk of Asperger's. That's what was believed for awhile, and it may be true in some cases, but there just isn't enough support for the claim. Anyway, that was a good article. I used it for several papers.
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TheMachine1
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19 Feb 2007, 8:49 am

http://www.hugthemonkey.com/

Quote:

February 14, 2007
Another Oxytocin Patent

The race is on to set patent claims on oxytocin therapies.

The latest is a patent application filed by Steven Quay of Nastech on using oxytocin to treat the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, as well as similar maladies.

According to the application, oxytocin is effective in reducing social withdrawal, eye contact avoidance, repetitive behaviors, anxiety, attention deficit, hyperactivity, depression, loss of speech, verbal communication difficulties, aversion to touch, visual difficulties, comprehension difficulties, and sound and light sensitivity.

Nastech, which assigned the patent to Atossa Healthcare, a related company, has another application in the works for a long-acting oxytocin nasal spray. (See the "Oxytocin Therapies" category for more.)

http://www.nastech.com/

There is the company webpage but no mention of autism or oxytocin.

Revenant wrote:

If one cannot get a prescription for oxytocin spray, consume the amino acid L-arginine. It will contribute to higher oxytocin release from the pituitary.

Yeah I have confirmed that by looking it up. Though one concern I have about L-arginine is it can increase fever blisters in some people. I have them not sure if L-arginine effects them.

Quote:

Titre du document / Document title
Effects of central injection of kyotorphin and L-arginine on oxytocin and vasopressin release and blood pressure in conscious rats
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
SUMMY-LONG J. Y. (1) ; VUONG BUI (1) ; GESTL S. (1) ; KOEHLER-STEC E. (1) ; HANWU LIU (2) ; TERRELLT M. L. (2) ; KADEKARO M. (2) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, ETATS-UNIS
(2) Division of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, ETATS-UNIS
Résumé / Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) increases oxytocin but not vasopressin secretion, in dehydrated rats [38]. Surprisingly, central injection of L-arginine, the substrate for NOS, caused a similar effect. Kyotorphin (L-tyrosyl-L-arginine), a dipeptide formed from L-arginine by kyotorphin synthetase in the brain may mediate this magnocellular response. Therefore, the dose and time responses of hormone release were compared following ICV injection of kyotorphin and L-arginine to conscious rats that were normally hydrated or deprived of water for 24 h. In water-sated rats, both L-arginine and kyotorphin increased blood pressure and plasma glucose levels coincident with elevating circulating levels of oxytocin, but not vasopressin. In dehydrated animals, both L-arginine and kyotorphin increased plasma oxytocin levels with a similar time course but only kyotorphin decreased vasopressin release. D-arginine, like L-arginine, stimulated secretion of oxytocin, indicating a nonstereospecific effect. A kyotorphin receptor antagonist (L-leucyl-L-arginine) given ICV to dehydrated animals elevated plasma oxytocin and prevented the decrease in vasopressin levels after kyotorphin. Thus, kyotorphin, but not L-arginine, appears to attenuate release of vasopressin either directly from magnocellular neurons or indirectly via modulating compensatory reflexes activated by the pressor response. On the other hand, an excess of L-arginine and kyotorphin within the CNS may mimic the stress response by augmenting release of oxytocin and activating the sympathetic nervous system to increase blood pressure and plasma glucose levels.
Revue / Journal Title
Brain research bulletin (Brain res. bull.) ISSN 0361-9230 CODEN BRBUDU
Source / Source
1998, vol. 45, no4, pp. 395-403 (51 ref.)

Seems the only mention of arginine on wrong planet has been me or my threads.

Found this interesting study:

Quote:

1: Behav Brain Res. 2007 Jan 10;176(1):170-86. Epub 2006 Sep 25.
Links
Sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin: implications for autism spectrum disorders?
Carter CS.

The Brain Body Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA. [email protected]

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are male-biased and characterized by deficits in social behavior and social communication, excessive anxiety or hyperreactivity to stressful experiences, and a tendency toward repetitiveness. The purpose of this review is to consider evidence for a role for two sexually dimorphic neuropeptides, oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (VP), in these features of ASD. Both VP and OT play a role in normal development. VP is androgen-dependent and of particular importance to male behavior. Excess VP or disruptions in the VP system could contribute to the male vulnerability to ASD. Alternatively, protective processes mediated via OT or the OT receptor might help to explain the relatively rare occurrence of ASD in females. Disruptions in either OT or VP or their receptors could result from genetic variation or epigenetic modifications of gene expression, especially during early development. Deficits in other developmental growth factors, such as reelin, which may in turn regulate or be regulated by OT or VP, are additional candidates for a role in ASD.

PMID: 17000015 [PubMed - in process]

Another artical abstract:

Quote:

: Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Nov 28; [Epub ahead of print]
Links
Oxytocin Improves "Mind-Reading" in Humans.
Domes G, Heinrichs M, Michel A, Berger C, Herpertz SC.

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany.

BACKGROUND: The ability to "read the mind" of other individuals, that is, to infer their mental state by interpreting subtle social cues, is indispensable in human social interaction. The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in social approach behavior in nonhuman mammals. METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design, 30 healthy male volunteers were tested for their ability to infer the affective mental state of others using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) after intranasal administration of 24 IU oxytocin. RESULTS: Oxytocin improved performance on the RMET compared with placebo. This effect was pronounced for difficult compared with easy items. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that oxytocin improves the ability to infer the mental state of others from social cues of the eye region. Oxytocin might play a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by severe social impairment.

PMID: 17137561 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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19 Feb 2007, 12:38 pm

matt271 wrote:

i heard someone at my school ODed on this, along w/ several other drugs, and died.

Are you referring to OxyContin instead of Oxytocin?

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19 Feb 2007, 12:42 pm

I'm presently reading "Animals in Translation" by Temple Grandin, and she goes on and on regarding Oxycontin. Makes me want to give it a try. Maybe I'd be better able to put up with all the gits I run into on a daily basis...

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earthdweller
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19 Feb 2007, 3:37 pm

EDIT#2: I have kept in consideration of the data that has to do with oxytocin and human bonding.

This is what I know:

Just like serotonin, oxytocin receptors are distributed throughout the entire CNS. From this that I know, it is difficult to think that there is a specific region of the brain that the effects take place. Except for the fact that this substance plays a role in the processes of lactation & utreran contraction in woman. This, of course, depends on the situation at hand where oxytocin is needed.

EDIT: Other than that, oxytocin is found to be involved in sexual mating for both sexes. In males, this would be erection and ejaculation. But there is a dopamine spike in orgasm so this may have a dampening effect on the oxycontin levels since those systems interact somehow...

Anyway, I found other bits and peices of information about oxytocin on the internet. One peice of information was that dopamine can have the ability to stimulate oxytocin release.

Sexual activity seems to play a key role of a bonding mechanism that involves this oxytocin hormone. But SSRI's, prolactin, and "dopamine antagonist" are all responsible for the inhibition of sexual desire. Oxytocin is a response to rewarding behaviors that involve some kind of bonding. From speculation, sexual bonding is the strongest form. It involves the most deep rooted attatchment - more of the motivational drives to persue the other. Too much oxytocin may be involved in pathological sexual behaviors such as child pedapholia(spell?). However, sexual gratification has nothing to do with bonding but only if one is seeking a mate for sexual gratification.

Another example of deep attatchment is if one has a close relationship with a family member. This is, of course, not of a sexual nature.

I beleive that oxytocin "overstimulates" the lower regions of the CNS processing. In turn, we may be too disinhibited like some kind of drunkness took over. This also adds to the intensity of how I present it for that oxytocin appears to me to have to do with very deep intimate attachments. I think that this is why people come up with their eccentric and bazzar ideas that people can have to beleive in to use to minipulate each other:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4599299.stm

In addition, human bonding can be shown to involve many systems which can change in response to ingestion of many drugs(MDMA, alcohol[in some cases], nitrous oxide?)

Perhaps depressants such as alcohol act as enhancers of signaling systems of the unconcious drives that help facilitate the activation of this oxytocin disinhibited experience. This, in turn, can contribute to the activation of the oxytocin response.

Human bonding and trust appears to be much more complex than a simple chemical process. Building trust, for example, requirs getting to know one another. Desiring to do this requirs the instinctual drives of the lower regions: these are of the unconcious functions in the brain. The limbic area is associated with the main peices in proccesing reward, emotion, fear, and stimulating psychomotor reactions. Our awareness lets us control these impulses how ever we feel comfortable with.

Last edited by earthdweller on 19 Feb 2007, 8:22 pm, edited 3 times in total.

maldoror
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19 Feb 2007, 3:44 pm

Does anyone have any experience with this drug?

Revenant
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19 Feb 2007, 4:05 pm

PEOPLE PEOPLE!

Please don't confuse the neurohormone oxyTOCIN with the synthetic opioid oxyCONTIN.

Prof_Pretorius
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19 Feb 2007, 4:08 pm

You mean these pills I bought off a kid in an alley aren't Oxycotin???

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TheMachine1
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19 Feb 2007, 4:21 pm

Oxytocin would be administer by nasal spray or injection. I read how iodine can be used to permit insulin to be absorbed though the skin. So I guess a skin patch is remotely possible for oxytocin.

I might try to order that 5mg 95% Oxytocin. I need to know more about different preservatives for its solutions.

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