Brain scans link concern for justice with reason, not emotio

Page 1 of 1 [ 13 posts ] 

Verdandi
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 7 Dec 2010
Age: 55
Gender: Female
Posts: 12,275
Location: University of California Sunnydale (fictional location - Real location Olympia, WA)

13 Apr 2014, 4:57 am

I find this rather interesting, given that any time I express any concern about justice, I am accused of being too emotional, or otherwise have my capacity for reason questioned.

Concern for justice is a trait that is at least somewhat associated with autistic people, although a careful reading of this forum may show that such a concern is far from universal.

http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/0 ... ot-emotion

Quote:
People who care about justice are swayed more by reason than emotion, according to new brain scan research from the Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience.

Psychologists have found that some individuals react more strongly than others to situations that invoke a sense of justice—for example, seeing a person being treated unfairly or mercifully. The new study used brain scans to analyze the thought processes of people with high “justice sensitivity.”

“We were interested to examine how individual differences about justice and fairness are represented in the brain to better understand the contribution of emotion and cognition in moral judgment,” explained lead author Jean Decety, the Irving B. Harris Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry.

Using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain-scanning device, the team studied what happened in the participants’ brains as they judged videos depicting behavior that was morally good or bad. For example, they saw a person put money in a beggar’s cup or kick the beggar’s cup away. The participants were asked to rate on a scale how much they would blame or praise the actor seen in the video. People in the study also completed questionnaires that assessed cognitive and emotional empathy, as well as their justice sensitivity.

As expected, study participants who scored high on the justice sensitivity questionnaire assigned significantly more blame when they were evaluating scenes of harm, Decety said. They also registered more praise for scenes showing a person helping another individual.


This is the study:

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/12/4161

Quote:
Morality is a fundamental component of human cultures and has been defined as prescriptive norms regarding how people should treat one another, including concepts such as justice, fairness, and rights. Using fMRI, the current study examined the extent to which dispositions in justice sensitivity (i.e., how individuals react to experiences of injustice and unfairness) predict behavioral ratings of praise and blame and how they modulate the online neural response and functional connectivity when participants evaluate morally laden (good and bad) everyday actions.

Justice sensitivity did not impact the neuro-hemodynamic response in the action-observation network but instead influenced higher-order computational nodes in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), right dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (rdlPFC, dmPFC) that process mental states understanding and maintain goal representations. Activity in these regions predicted praise and blame ratings. Further, the hemodynamic response in rTPJ showed a differentiation between good and bad actions 2 s before the response in rdlPFC. Evaluation of good actions was specifically associated with enhanced activity in dorsal striatum and increased the functional coupling between the rTPJ and the anterior cingulate cortex.

Together, this study provides important knowledge in how individual differences in justice sensitivity impact neural computations that support psychological processes involved in moral judgment and mental-state reasoning.



IKnowWhoIAmNow
Deinonychus
Deinonychus

User avatar

Joined: 9 Jun 2013
Age: 59
Gender: Male
Posts: 314
Location: Suffolk, United Kingdom

13 Apr 2014, 5:55 am

I have know this for a long time, even before I had a name for what I am. NT's frequently say about being emotional, but in a civilised society, justice is important. So I don't see a conflict; it's only NTs that can't seem to cope with reconciling the two.


_________________
I'm Martin, born 1965, diagnosed with AS at 43 (Twitter)
I am "single and looking" and can be found at PlentyOfFish if you like what you see here


Verdandi
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 7 Dec 2010
Age: 55
Gender: Female
Posts: 12,275
Location: University of California Sunnydale (fictional location - Real location Olympia, WA)

13 Apr 2014, 6:02 am

Not just NTs, but yeah, I agree with your basic point.

I should add that the first paragraph is not meant as a poke at this forum. I'm thinking of many places online and off.



LookingLost
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 4 Nov 2011
Age: 29
Gender: Male
Posts: 592
Location: UK

13 Apr 2014, 6:03 am

That is interesting. Thanks.


_________________
Blackbird singing in the dead of night, take these broken wings and learn to fly...


zer0netgain
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 2 Mar 2009
Age: 56
Gender: Male
Posts: 6,613

13 Apr 2014, 7:02 am

Justice is all about reasoning the crime against the proposed punishment.

What makes it seem emotional is that most everyone can empathize with being on the business end of the criminal justice system.



Davvo7
Toucan
Toucan

User avatar

Joined: 2 Mar 2013
Age: 62
Gender: Male
Posts: 286
Location: UK

13 Apr 2014, 7:29 am

'Justice' doesn't necessarily have to be about criminal matters, indeed I am usually more concerned about social justice, or more accutately social injustice.

Justice for the 96. YNWA.


_________________
Moomintroll sighed. He felt sad even though he had no real reason to feel that way.


Adamantium
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 6 Feb 2013
Age: 1024
Gender: Female
Posts: 5,863
Location: Erehwon

13 Apr 2014, 7:48 am

Davvo7 wrote:
'Justice' doesn't necessarily have to be about criminal matters, indeed I am usually more concerned about social justice, or more accutately social injustice.

Justice for the 96. YNWA.


A concern for fairness and egalitarianism is also rational.



linatet
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 8 Sep 2013
Age: 29
Gender: Female
Posts: 934
Location: beloved Brazil

13 Apr 2014, 1:54 pm

I am very rigid when it comes to justice, I just hate hate hate people being wronged, be it prejudice, sexism, social injustice, impunity... any kind, even when I am playing something and the other person doesn't follow the rules in order to win, that also makes me crazy.

this part:

Quote:
During the behavior-evaluation exercise, people with high justice sensitivity showed more activity than average participants in parts of the brain associated with higher-order cognition. - See more at: http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/0 ... okS8A.dpuf

it actually means we ponder fairness as part of an abstract concept, not that it is reason not emotion. My idealism, which is primarily why I fight against injustice, is an abstract concept that is elaborated as higher-order-cognition for sure.



Callista
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 3 Feb 2006
Age: 41
Gender: Female
Posts: 10,775
Location: Ohio, USA

13 Apr 2014, 5:00 pm

Adamantium wrote:
Davvo7 wrote:
'Justice' doesn't necessarily have to be about criminal matters, indeed I am usually more concerned about social justice, or more accutately social injustice.

Justice for the 96. YNWA.


A concern for fairness and egalitarianism is also rational.
Very rational.

I am reminded of... I can't remember the philosopher's name now, but it was somebody famous... It's this idea that, if you want to create a fair society, then you need to create it without knowledge of which position you'll occupy in that society. You want to make a world where you could land anywhere--as anyone--and still get respect, fair treatment, and human rights, whether you're a highly skilled worker, a criminal, a child, illiterate or well-read, religious or not, man or woman, majority or minority race and culture.

The point of the argument is that, in a realistic world, everybody can't have everything, because there's scarcity--but there are arrangements that are fairer than others. (By the way--just dividing physical resources equally doesn't work; it doesn't take into account motivation. But dividing opportunity equally--or equally enough that everyone is given enough to reach the bottom rung of a ladder where he can start to pull himself up--is a much more workable proposition.)

After all, nobody really knows what may happen to them tomorrow. We are injured; we grow old; we become unpopular; we become poor. Even from the most selfish perspective, it makes sense to insist on equal rights for everyone, because the rights you protect today may be the rights you depend on tomorrow.


_________________
Reports from a Resident Alien:
http://chaoticidealism.livejournal.com

Autism Memorial:
http://autism-memorial.livejournal.com


linatet
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 8 Sep 2013
Age: 29
Gender: Female
Posts: 934
Location: beloved Brazil

13 Apr 2014, 5:55 pm

Callista wrote:
Adamantium wrote:
Davvo7 wrote:
'Justice' doesn't necessarily have to be about criminal matters, indeed I am usually more concerned about social justice, or more accutately social injustice.

Justice for the 96. YNWA.


A concern for fairness and egalitarianism is also rational.
Very rational.

I am reminded of... I can't remember the philosopher's name now, but it was somebody famous... It's this idea that, if you want to create a fair society, then you need to create it without knowledge of which position you'll occupy in that society. You want to make a world where you could land anywhere--as anyone--and still get respect, fair treatment, and human rights, whether you're a highly skilled worker, a criminal, a child, illiterate or well-read, religious or not, man or woman, majority or minority race and culture.

The point of the argument is that, in a realistic world, everybody can't have everything, because there's scarcity--but there are arrangements that are fairer than others. (By the way--just dividing physical resources equally doesn't work; it doesn't take into account motivation. But dividing opportunity equally--or equally enough that everyone is given enough to reach the bottom rung of a ladder where he can start to pull himself up--is a much more workable proposition.)

After all, nobody really knows what may happen to them tomorrow. We are injured; we grow old; we become unpopular; we become poor. Even from the most selfish perspective, it makes sense to insist on equal rights for everyone, because the rights you protect today may be the rights you depend on tomorrow.

I don't see it like that. Even if I was never going to be poor, wronged, minority, etc and knew it (so not be in position of needing the rights I am defending) I would still fight for justice.
for me justice is rational because things like fairness and equal rights are actually complicated concepts and complex philosophies. If you stop to think about it, those are not obvious concepts either. They require reason. And the most prominent thinkers of every society pondered about those things (what is moral? How should we behave? What is fair?), usually not much the average person. (but it depended on other things as well, like free time) So yes, it is a matter of reason.

also about the penultimate paragraph, this equal opportunity thing is my idea of society. Something that can actually be done, it is giving everyone equal rights and opportunities like good public schools. So there is still the competition but those that have the talents and work hard may succeed (everyone with the minimal and receiving same level of education), but if you can't for some reason there is some help from the State. Societies like western civilization is walking in this path but it is still far, specially for people not acknowledging gay rights, the religious extremists, clash with immigrants etc



Yew
Tufted Titmouse
Tufted Titmouse

User avatar

Joined: 9 Oct 2013
Age: 44
Gender: Female
Posts: 33

13 Apr 2014, 6:28 pm

Callista wrote:
Adamantium wrote:
Davvo7 wrote:
'Justice' doesn't necessarily have to be about criminal matters, indeed I am usually more concerned about social justice, or more accutately social injustice.

Justice for the 96. YNWA.


A concern for fairness and egalitarianism is also rational.
Very rational.

I am reminded of... I can't remember the philosopher's name now, but it was somebody famous... It's this idea that, if you want to create a fair society, then you need to create it without knowledge of which position you'll occupy in that society. You want to make a world where you could land anywhere--as anyone--and still get respect, fair treatment, and human rights, whether you're a highly skilled worker, a criminal, a child, illiterate or well-read, religious or not, man or woman, majority or minority race and culture.

The point of the argument is that, in a realistic world, everybody can't have everything, because there's scarcity--but there are arrangements that are fairer than others. (By the way--just dividing physical resources equally doesn't work; it doesn't take into account motivation. But dividing opportunity equally--or equally enough that everyone is given enough to reach the bottom rung of a ladder where he can start to pull himself up--is a much more workable proposition.)

After all, nobody really knows what may happen to them tomorrow. We are injured; we grow old; we become unpopular; we become poor. Even from the most selfish perspective, it makes sense to insist on equal rights for everyone, because the rights you protect today may be the rights you depend on tomorrow.


It sounds like John Rawls in A Theory of Justice.
If I could start from scratch behind the veil of ignorance i would build a society without ladders. Social mobility is a new idea and a pretty terrible one IMO.



neobluex
Veteran
Veteran

Joined: 31 May 2013
Age: 28
Gender: Male
Posts: 589
Location: Argentina

13 Apr 2014, 7:21 pm

People in law enforcement (that make justice) should have a lower treshold for injustice and harsher punishments than the general population.



pensieve
Veteran
Veteran

User avatar

Joined: 18 Nov 2008
Age: 38
Gender: Female
Posts: 8,204
Location: Sydney, Australia

13 Apr 2014, 8:33 pm

Last time I had such a strong reaction for something happening was when four huskies got out of their yard and killed another dog. My sister was thinking about the dogs owners more, but I was thinking about the owners of those huskies. The dogs were untrained and bred in illegal conditions, i.e puppy farming. So my blame was on the owner of one of the dogs. I loved one for those dogs which is now going to be put down because her owner did not train or care for her properly. He just wanted to make the money. If you know puppy farms you know the state the mother is in. They are bread too much and become very ill because of it. That dog was being treated that way.

Most times I blame people for not taking care when they get in a situation rather than empathise with them.

Many times people have told me to lie over little things which are actually illegal. One person said that I get travel insurance and then lie about losing an item so I can get it replaced with a better product, such as a camera. I would never do such a thing. The other time people wanted me to bluff my way to get access to areas in a venue I have no approval to enter.

And despite my sister's dog having a seizure in the middle of the road after not being on a lead, which is the law here, she still doesn't walk him on a lead. It's not just illegal but also puts the dog in danger again.

I do have a very strong sense of justice and also social justice as well.


_________________
My band photography blog - http://lostthroughthelens.wordpress.com/
My personal blog - http://helptheywantmetosocialise.wordpress.com/