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ASPartOfMe
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28 Feb 2016, 2:00 am

What Prodigies Could Teach Us About Autism - New York Times

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Prodigies aren’t typically autistic (unlike savants, in whom extraordinary abilities and autism often coincide), and they don’t have the social or communication challenges that characterize autism. But some aspects of prodigy and autism do overlap.


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Beyond the cognitive similarities, many child prodigies have autistic relatives. In the 2012 study, half of the prodigies had an autistic relative at least as close as a niece or grandparent. Three had received a diagnosis of autism themselves when young, which they seemed to have since grown out of.

There might even be evidence of a genetic link between the conditions. In a 2015 study published in Human Heredity, Dr. Ruthsatz and her colleagues examined the DNA of prodigies and their families. They found that the prodigies and their autistic relatives both seemed to have a genetic mutation or mutations on the short arm of Chromosome 1 that were not shared by their neurotypical relatives. Despite a small sample size (the finding rested on five extended prodigy families), the data was statistically significant.


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Darmok
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28 Feb 2016, 2:15 am

Very interesting. Thank you.


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nerdygirl
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28 Feb 2016, 6:25 am

I believe there is a correlation, since already lists of traits of gifted people and lists of traits of autism overlap by at least half.

Also, who's to say these prodigies have no social problems? No problems at school with other kids? Really? This I find hard to believe. These kids (and gifted children in general) usually spend more time with adults anyway. They are able to handle adult conversation about various topics and find childish conversation cumbersome. These prodigies *have to* spend time with adults because they are actually working at that level.

So, if they are apt to copy behaviors, they are generally going to be copying the behaviors of responsible adults (either those they are working with or their parents who care enough about them to feed and develop their interests.) They have good models to copy and will even come across more mature and socially adjusted because they are copying...adults!

But do these kids have actual peer group friends? Or is it seen as something like "Of course they don't. They can't relate to other kids." Well, that would be a social problem, would it not? I am very curious about their social development among peers.



EzraS
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28 Feb 2016, 7:43 am

Very interesting.



MissAlgernon
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28 Feb 2016, 8:32 am

nerdygirl wrote:
I believe there is a correlation, since already lists of traits of gifted people and lists of traits of autism overlap by at least half.

Also, who's to say these prodigies have no social problems? No problems at school with other kids? Really? This I find hard to believe. These kids (and gifted children in general) usually spend more time with adults anyway. They are able to handle adult conversation about various topics and find childish conversation cumbersome. These prodigies *have to* spend time with adults because they are actually working at that level.

So, if they are apt to copy behaviors, they are generally going to be copying the behaviors of responsible adults (either those they are working with or their parents who care enough about them to feed and develop their interests.) They have good models to copy and will even come across more mature and socially adjusted because they are copying...adults!

But do these kids have actual peer group friends? Or is it seen as something like "Of course they don't. They can't relate to other kids." Well, that would be a social problem, would it not? I am very curious about their social development among peers.

From conversations I had with my neurologist, "gifted" children and prodigies have a very different brain functioning. Prodigies often have a very high IQ but "gifted" children are NT, prodigies are not. So prodigies shouldn't be considered as "gifted", strictly speaking.



nerdygirl
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28 Feb 2016, 2:55 pm

MissAlgernon wrote:
nerdygirl wrote:
I believe there is a correlation, since already lists of traits of gifted people and lists of traits of autism overlap by at least half.

Also, who's to say these prodigies have no social problems? No problems at school with other kids? Really? This I find hard to believe. These kids (and gifted children in general) usually spend more time with adults anyway. They are able to handle adult conversation about various topics and find childish conversation cumbersome. These prodigies *have to* spend time with adults because they are actually working at that level.

So, if they are apt to copy behaviors, they are generally going to be copying the behaviors of responsible adults (either those they are working with or their parents who care enough about them to feed and develop their interests.) They have good models to copy and will even come across more mature and socially adjusted because they are copying...adults!

But do these kids have actual peer group friends? Or is it seen as something like "Of course they don't. They can't relate to other kids." Well, that would be a social problem, would it not? I am very curious about their social development among peers.

From conversations I had with my neurologist, "gifted" children and prodigies have a very different brain functioning. Prodigies often have a very high IQ but "gifted" children are NT, prodigies are not. So prodigies shouldn't be considered as "gifted", strictly speaking.


That is interesting. Did your neurologist say anything about the overlap of traits between gifted kids and those with autism? The definition of "prodigy" given in the article seems to be pretty tight. As in, some kids may have the underlying ability to be prodigies without having been given the opportunity to develop it like some other prodigies. And, also, what is the definition of "adult competency"? Does that mean, simply, a level of *comprehension* and ability that goes beyond that of an average high schooler, or are we talking about ability that is going to get someone noticed world-wide?

Before the age of 13, I was playing piano better than the average high school graduate pianist (but not necessarily those going off to conservatory) and most adults (not professional pianists), but I was not going to be winning any Grammy awards or national competitions. Would that be considered prodigious or not?

In my experience, some gifted kids show signs of autism and some do not. Are the ones that show signs of autism prodigies, or are they not if they are not at "adult level" before puberty? And is puberty an age or a physical thing? Most would call pre-pubescent earlier than adolescence. But I hit puberty at age 10. So did that give me less time to be a prodigy?

Hmmmm



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28 Feb 2016, 3:39 pm

The overlap of traits is only superficial. "Gifted" kids are much better at reading social cues and their IQ is either homogeneous or better in verbal IQ. Autistic kids and prodigies often have a few very high performance IQ subtests, and a heterogeneous result with high performance IQ / average verbal IQ doesn't really exist in NT kids. For example, there are some subtests in performance IQ that NT kids, no matter how "gifted" they are, will never excel at. Code, for example. It's the kind of subtest that show almost certain evidence that you aren't the "NT" kind of gifted if you saturate it or almost, because it's very rare for NTs (even gifted ones) to perform significantly above average at this subtest in particular. And it's also true for all atypical logic and math subtests, any kind of logic that isn't taught at school won't have a great score in NT kids unless if they already learned that kind of logic first.
It depends how IQ is calculated though. The whole test easily takes a whole day or more and few specialists are willing to do it, but it's necessary to detect specific cognition problems and to know with precision how heterogeneous IQ can really be. It's often what psychologists do because they know how to measure IQ only in NT kids, so they often skip a lot of subtests that are crucial for non-NT kids and they skip measuring extreme low and extreme high scores. That's how a kid can be misdiagnosed as NT if he / she learns fast and imitates others well enough to seem "almost normal". Neurologists who have studied cognition won't skip any subtests because everything must be measured to have a truly accurate result. To tell you how much it's true, I can tell you how my own IQ and score at subtests were radically different between the 3 times where i had the test, my problems weren't detected the two first times, only the last time was done by a good neurologist and it revealed a much more atypical profile (and the cognition problems coming with it) than expected... You'd think that you've got 2 completely different persons' IQ in the 3 tests.
Being a prodigy isn't only what you know in the end, it's also how abnormally fast you learn it. And some things don't even need to be learned. Or sometimes it's even the capacity to do things that no NT can do.
Puberty should be considered physical, but in non-NT kids the brain rarely matures like a NT brain. Some kinds of prodigious memory for example (which have a positive correlation with autism) are supposed to be caused by an extremely neotenic brain.



nerdygirl
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28 Feb 2016, 6:40 pm

MissAlgernon wrote:
The overlap of traits is only superficial. "Gifted" kids are much better at reading social cues and their IQ is either homogeneous or better in verbal IQ. Autistic kids and prodigies often have a few very high performance IQ subtests, and a heterogeneous result with high performance IQ / average verbal IQ doesn't really exist in NT kids. For example, there are some subtests in performance IQ that NT kids, no matter how "gifted" they are, will never excel at. Code, for example. It's the kind of subtest that show almost certain evidence that you aren't the "NT" kind of gifted if you saturate it or almost, because it's very rare for NTs (even gifted ones) to perform significantly above average at this subtest in particular. And it's also true for all atypical logic and math subtests, any kind of logic that isn't taught at school won't have a great score in NT kids unless if they already learned that kind of logic first.
It depends how IQ is calculated though. The whole test easily takes a whole day or more and few specialists are willing to do it, but it's necessary to detect specific cognition problems and to know with precision how heterogeneous IQ can really be. It's often what psychologists do because they know how to measure IQ only in NT kids, so they often skip a lot of subtests that are crucial for non-NT kids and they skip measuring extreme low and extreme high scores. That's how a kid can be misdiagnosed as NT if he / she learns fast and imitates others well enough to seem "almost normal". Neurologists who have studied cognition won't skip any subtests because everything must be measured to have a truly accurate result. To tell you how much it's true, I can tell you how my own IQ and score at subtests were radically different between the 3 times where i had the test, my problems weren't detected the two first times, only the last time was done by a good neurologist and it revealed a much more atypical profile (and the cognition problems coming with it) than expected... You'd think that you've got 2 completely different persons' IQ in the 3 tests.
Being a prodigy isn't only what you know in the end, it's also how abnormally fast you learn it. And some things don't even need to be learned. Or sometimes it's even the capacity to do things that no NT can do.
Puberty should be considered physical, but in non-NT kids the brain rarely matures like a NT brain. Some kinds of prodigious memory for example (which have a positive correlation with autism) are supposed to be caused by an extremely neotenic brain.


This is extremely interesting. Do you know of any literature I could read about this?



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28 Feb 2016, 8:51 pm

I can't recommend 'Married With Children,' but was just reminded of one particular story.

The dumb blond is cramming for a test, and forgets what the doorbell means. :oops:

My nickname was 'the absent-minded professor,' and I've received national honors, while forgetting to do things.

(My acct keeps timing out.) :|



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29 Feb 2016, 8:49 am

MissAlgernon wrote:
From conversations I had with my neurologist, "gifted" children and prodigies have a very different brain functioning. Prodigies often have a very high IQ but "gifted" children are NT, prodigies are not. So prodigies shouldn't be considered as "gifted", strictly speaking.


That's not what NT means.

NT means neurologically typical, which includes having a normal-range IQ. Gifted people have an IQ outside the normal range. They're no more NT than people with cognitive disabilities are.

As for the distinction between prodigies and gifted, I have no idea what your neurologist is trying to say. But I'd say you definitely can be both, since gifted is defined as an IQ above 130 - no matter what other features you have. A prodigy, meanwhile, is someone who has a specific skill area that is far above both their own baseline functioning and normal functioning. For example, a gifted prodigy might be a 5 year old with a general mental age of 9 (IQ 180), but with the musical skills of a well-trained adult musician.



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29 Feb 2016, 7:27 pm

Note to all readers: occasionally I'll see confusion between the terms prodigy and prodigious(as in prodigious savant)

if the distinction isn't clear, further reading may be required :)