Here's my less-than-kind guess.
He was hitting on you, wanting sex, though not actually expecting to get any. He was playing probabilities. (If he hadn't hit on you, probability of having sex with you was zero. Hitting on you made the probability higher, even if he figured it was low. He probably had success with the technique with other women.)
The marriage question was a line, albeit a convenient one. It was a way to begin a conversation with you. When you didn't have your ring, he was pushing. He wanted sex, again, not actually expecting anything, but hoping you'd removed your ring because you were looking for sex. The "how convenient" comment was another trolling comment. It meant nothing, other than he was looking for sex.
He didn't expect you to be honest because he wasn't honest.
Whereas you said exactly what you wanted to say, he was saying anything he could to manipulate you for sex.
In other words, he was a jerk.
You didn't do anything wrong!