Executive Dysfunction
I was reading into this for a bit today. I am actually a bit fascinated with this terminology at the moment and I wanted to see what is known about it in terms of autism. I liked the article on the Wiki (although I am well aware that its scholarly validity would sink in an academic setting). Here is the section that pertains to autism:
Autism is diagnosed based on the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests. It is a disorder that is defined according to behaviour as no specific biological markers are known.[42] Due to the variability in severity and impairment in functioning exhibited by persons with autism, the disorder is typically conceptualized as existing along a continuum (or spectrum) of severity.
Individuals with autism commonly show impairment in three main areas of executive functioning: a) fluency; b) planning; and c) cognitive flexibility.[49][50][51][52]
Fluency. Fluency refers to the ability to generate novel ideas and responses. Although adult populations are largely underrepresented in this area of research, findings have suggested that children with autism generate fewer novel words and ideas and produce less complex responses than matched controls.
Planning. Planning refers to a complex, dynamic process, wherein a sequence of planned actions must be developed, monitored, re-evaluated and updated. Persons with autism demonstrate impairment on tasks requiring planning abilities relative to typically functioning controls, with this impairment maintained over time. As might be suspected, in the case of autism comorbid with learning disability, an additive deficit is observed in many cases.
Flexibility. Poor mental flexibility, as demonstrated in individuals with autism, is characterized by perseverative, stereotyped behaviour, and deficits in both the regulation and modulation of motor acts. Some research has suggested that individuals with autism experience a sort of ‘stuck-in-set’ perseveration that is specific to the disorder, rather than a more global perseveration tendency. These deficits have been exhibited in cross-cultural samples and have been shown to persist over time.
Although there has been some debate, inhibition is generally no longer considered to be an executive function deficit in people with autism.[49][52] Individuals with autism have demonstrated differential performance on various tests of inhibition, with results being taken to indicate a general difficulty in the inhibition of a habitual response.[52] However, performance on the Stroop task, for example, has been unimpaired relative to matched controls. An alternative explanation has suggested that executive function tests that demonstrate a clear rationale are passed by individuals with autism.[52] In this light, it is the design of the measures of inhibition that have been implicated in the observation of impaired performance rather than inhibition being a core deficit.
In general, individuals with autism show relatively spared performance on tasks that do not require mentalizing.[42] These include: use of desire and emotion words, sequencing behavioural pictures, and the recognition of basic facial emotional expressions. In contrast, individuals with autism typically demonstrated impaired performance on tasks that do require mentalizing.[42] These include: false beliefs, use of belief and idea words, sequencing mentalistic pictures, and recognizing complex emotions such as admiring or scheming.
I did want a few things clarified, if anyone has the time. English is my second language, though I have lived in the US for about 9-10 years and sometimes I really do not understand concepts within a sentence. What exactly does the article mean by impaired or normal inhibition?
Second question, how does any of you interpret the categories listed? By my understanding I have problems of different degrees that can fit in all three areas. For example in fluency. I seem to repeat certain things as responses within a conversation. Or even use one-liners from tv shows or songs, etc, as responses. It seemed to work well for me. When I deviate from these sort of responses I usually end up annoying someone or being pedantic or sounding condescending. Weird, huh? Its the only example of fluency I could think of.
I know i have serious problems with planning. Not just deviation of plans. I can't seem to adjust to situations on the spot, so to speak. If any of you read on the adult forum about my argument with my gf over the breakfast salsa, you know what I am talking about. Although this may also be a flexibility problem.
Any thoughts or anything that you wish to share, please do so!
Also I have a few questions about criteria for different classifications within the spectrum, if later on anyone wishes to help me with that.
Second question, how does any of you interpret the categories listed? By my understanding I have problems of different degrees that can fit in all three areas. For example in fluency. I seem to repeat certain things as responses within a conversation. Or even use one-liners from tv shows or songs, etc, as responses. It seemed to work well for me. When I deviate from these sort of responses I usually end up annoying someone or being pedantic or sounding condescending. Weird, huh? Its the only example of fluency I could think of.
I know i have serious problems with planning. Not just deviation of plans. I can't seem to adjust to situations on the spot, so to speak. If any of you read on the adult forum about my argument with my gf over the breakfast salsa, you know what I am talking about. Although this may also be a flexibility problem.
Any thoughts or anything that you wish to share, please do so!
Also I have a few questions about criteria for different classifications within the spectrum, if later on anyone wishes to help me with that.
First, that snippet is pretty badly written. Your difficulty understanding has nothing to do with your English skills. I am the hyperlexic variety of Aspie; I could read and - intellectually if not always emotionally - understand Readers Digest by the time I was in first grade, and read and comprehend college textbooks by the time I was in fourth grade. I'm a writer. And it would take me at least a week to boil that down into something that would make much sense.
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What I would say is that some of these issues cross boundaries. How much of the fact you can't adjust to situations on the spot is due to an inability to plan "on the fly" and how much is due to a dislike of change? Even you probably can't be sure of that answer. Neat little categories may be useful for the "experts" to point to, but in real life, I think the issues are more complex.
I think it is good to read around and understand what is said about how someone sees us from the outside - but we also need to think about what we experience, and how it fits. The "experts" are looking in from the outside - and we don't send out the right signals. So how can they possibly understand us? We have to work to understand ourselves.
If you have any questions, I don't mind trying to answer them, but please pose them in such a way they have nothing to do with that snippet, because I just can't bear to try to boil it down to something clear enough to understand - if there is even enough real sense in there to understand. Often, the type of writing I see here (in what you quoted, not your own writing) results from very sloppy thinking. Which is one reason why I seldom bother trying to extract much sense from it, as well as the fact getting my head around that would be actually painful, in an intellectual sense.
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AQ Test = 44 Aspie Quiz = 169 Aspie 33 NT EQ / SQ-R = Extreme Systematising
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In the country of the blind, the one eyed man - would be diagnosed with a psychological disorder
First question: Autistics Do have executive dysfunction?
Second Question: What exactly IS executive dysfunction?
My third question has already been answered by your post. =)
First answer:
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Second answer:
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Does that help?
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AQ Test = 44 Aspie Quiz = 169 Aspie 33 NT EQ / SQ-R = Extreme Systematising
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Not all those who wander are lost.
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In the country of the blind, the one eyed man - would be diagnosed with a psychological disorder
One problem I have is juggling multiple tasks.
If I have one task that should take eight hours, I am likely to finish it in eight hours or less.
But for two tasks that should take four hours each, I'll be lucky to finish them in 16 hours.
More than two tasks, forget it. About the only way I can make any progress is to ignore the additional tasks.
If I have one task that should take eight hours, I am likely to finish it in eight hours or less.
But for two tasks that should take four hours each, I'll be lucky to finish them in 16 hours.
More than two tasks, forget it. About the only way I can make any progress is to ignore the additional tasks.
Ding ding ding!
Ignoring the additional small tasks only turns them into bigger ones to face later, I keep getting caught in a loop
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I seem to have problems understanding more than one thing, especially if changes are left unsaid because they are "obvious". I generally, basically, do not "shift gears" well at all.
Certain changes bother me, but it is my inability to adjust to sudden changes that is the most obvious I think. And this is more strongly rooted (I feel) in my ability to process said changes which becomes extremely frustrating.
Last edited by Mirror21 on 29 Sep 2012, 4:33 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Okay you understood the term. What exactly IS inhibition and how do autistics portray this. I do not understand this term.
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The eggserpt gave an eggsample of the Stroop test being something on which autistic people show unimpaired performance compared to controls.
In the Stroop test, there are words for colors, like red, green, blue. The words for colors are printed in colors that are different from the colors that the words refer to. So the word "red" will be colored green, and "green" blue. In the test, you are supposed to say the color of the print instead of the word for a color. If your inhibition is impaired, then you are more likely to say the words instead of the colors. For the word "red" printed green, you will say red when you should have said green. Saying the color requires overcoming the habitual response of saying the word.
Certain changes bother me, but it is my inability to adjust to sudden changes that is the most obvious I think. And this is more strongly rooted (I feel) in my ability to process said changes which becomes extremely frustrating.
I think there are three things going on here. One is dislike of change. Everyone, to at least some extent, "drags their feet" when they're unhappy. Then there is the processing issue: if you have a lot of input, or a change is too overwhelming, then it takes time to process, and until you've processed, you can't even begin to adapt. Then, executive dysfunction makes it harder for you to overcome your dislike of the change and to figure out a way to adapt to the change. So all those things are coming together in one place.
Keep in mind that we are all individuals. So what one person needs a certain amount of time to process, another may be able to process in less time - or may need more time to process. And, at least in my experience, processing time also varies depending on the state I'm in. If I'm tired or stressed, I'll take longer to process the same thing than I would when I was rested and calm.
To answer another question you had; I think that in most people, even as they're processing the change, their executive function is kicking in to plan how to deal with it. In your case, you're getting a one, two, three punch: first, you struggle to process it, then, when you do so, you recoil due to a distaste for it - and your executive function is then also making it harder for you to find a way to cope with it. And, every one of these experiences reinforces the next - "Oh, crap, change! I messed it up last time, so gotta try to get it right this time!" (Ha! Pressure like that makes things harder, not easier. So you recoil, think frantically, stumble, set the whole thing up for next time.) I'm not saying it is all past experience, but I think experience does have a role in this.
_________________
AQ Test = 44 Aspie Quiz = 169 Aspie 33 NT EQ / SQ-R = Extreme Systematising
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Not all those who wander are lost.
===================
In the country of the blind, the one eyed man - would be diagnosed with a psychological disorder
I experience significant difficulties with executive dysfunction, particularly with organizing and planning. It's pretty much impossible for me to figure out all of the various tasks necessary to achieve a particular goal, or how to obtain the information necessary to achieve a particular goal. Often it doesn't occur to me to do certain expected tasks at all -- I just don't think of it. Or I may know of several tasks I should do but be unable to prioritize -- unable to figure out what tasks or more important, and which are less important. I also tend to be unable to figure out the logical order in which to complete tasks. I also have problems with breaking tasks down into a series of logical sequential steps (which others seem to do instinctively, as far as I can tell) so it's pretty much impossible for me to get things done in an efficient and timely manner. Sometimes, I can't seem to get started on things because there are too many things that need to be done, and I can't figure out where to start. There are just too many options, and it paralyzes me. It's also difficult to achieve that mental switching of gears necessary for starting a task. I could go on and on regarding how I'm crippled by executive dysfunction. The upshot is, I feel like I put forth far more effort than other people, and accomplish far less. I know I've said that multiple times before on this forum, but it's a source of ongoing frustration for me.
I hope this was helpful. Another impairment of mine involves explaining things in a way that can be understood by others. I apologize if this makes no sense.
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