absolute pitch discernment is the ability to pick a tone within a few cycles per second- useful for instrument tuners, sheer torture for anybody else who cringes when hearing clams from inexpert musicians/singers. more common is perfect pitch, which is the ability to identify a note within a quartertone.
for those of us who are not tone-deaf, there remains relative pitch, which means one can identify a tone using a reference such as a pitch pipe. most musicians have this ['cept for the ones with perfect pitch], hence the A=440/452 tuning period as an orchestra warms-up. there is some overlap between the three categories, and i [until recently] fell somewhere in between.
as i have grown older this ability seems to have deteriorated somewhat, as something which sounded one particular note when i was a youth, now sounds a semitone or greater sharp to me, as an old fart. an audiologist told me this is due to shrinkage of the cochlea due to aging, in addition to hardening of the arteries. in anycase it is a mixed blessing, as "out-of-tune" doesn't sound quite as bad now.
p.s. orchestras nowadays are, for the most part, tuning to A=452, which to my ears still sounds harsh, strident.