I = 1
V = 5
X = 10
L = 50
C = 100
D = 500
M = 1000
Larger numbers than M are indicated by putting a horizontal line over them and then multiplying by a thousand. However, using the horizontal line over the digits, has fallen out of use.
_ _ _ _ _
I = 1000 / V = 5000 / X = 10000 / L = 50000 / C = 100,000 /
_ _
D = 500,000 / M = 1,000,000
You can have up to three "digits" of a kind in a row to make a number bigger. After that you have to pick a bigger "digit" than you want, and put smaller ones before it to subtract until you reach the number you want.
I +1/ II = 2/ III = 3, but IV = 4, that is one subtracted from 5 = 4.
It works the same with all of the Roman Numerals.
X = 10/ XX = 20/ XXX = 30, but XL = 40, that is 50 - 10.
There are other interesting number facts out there, like binary, but that's another post. 
_________________
If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.
Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured, or far away.--Henry David Thoreau