Extreme male brain theory: do you believe in it?

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MyWorld
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26 Apr 2011, 3:59 am

Personally I dont, otherwise females with ASD will act very manly and most of them will be lesbians. I noticed that there are some homosexual males who happen to have ASD here on WP. Although I can see where the theory comes from being that those with ASD often have trouble with language and tend to do well in areas that require technological areas rather than language areas. Also, with the whole socializing where in society it seems that women are expected to be good at socializing even though NT men are just as good. I never saw it as males being less adept at socializing than women. Also, with the sensory issues that most people with ASD have, I don't see what it has to do with being a male at all.

Sorry if its sounds like I'm trolling, but I promise I'm not



aspi-rant
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26 Apr 2011, 4:14 am

it is not the extreme male brain you should be focussing on....

it is all about a systemizing brain (which is statistical typical for males - hence the term male brain) or an empathizing brain (which is statistical typical for females - hence the term female brain)

the male/female label is not to be taken literally.

the systemizing vs empathizing is what it is all about.

it all gets even more confusing, since there furthermore seems to be a correlation between autism and high prenatal testosterone levels also... which is a typical male hormone.... contributing further to the misunderstanding that people on the spectrum should be extreme male-like... even if they are female or gay.

about the testosterone study:

http://www.autismresearchcentre.com/res ... .asp?id=13



auntblabby
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26 Apr 2011, 4:54 am

if anything, i have a female brain.



quaker
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26 Apr 2011, 5:58 am

most of these 'specialists'are more black and
white in their thinking than we are.

I am naturally left brain and right brain
combined.....

I am a systemizer and empathizer



rabidmonkey4262
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26 Apr 2011, 8:50 am

MyWorld wrote:
Personally I dont, otherwise females with ASD will act very manly and most of them will be lesbians. Also, with the whole socializing where in society it seems that women are expected to be good at socializing even though NT men are just as good. I never saw it as males being less adept at socializing than women. Also, with the sensory issues that most people with ASD have, I don't see what it has to do with being a male at all.

Sorry if its sounds like I'm trolling, but I promise I'm not



I'm not sure you know what "extreme male brain" is actually referring to. It has nothing to do with sexual orientation. That's way too simplistic. Baron-Cohen's theory is that males in general tend to have more systemizing tendencies, whereas females tend to rely more on empathy to navigate the world. It has absolutely nothing to do with being "manly" or being lesbian or gay. Sexual orientation has very little if anything to do with the way your brain processes the world.

Next time you decide to people watch, observe how NT men socialize and how NT women socialize. There is a HUGE discrepancy. NT men do not socialize as much as NT women, and when they do, they are much less likely to talk about intimate relationships and tend to talk more on a factual/technical level. This would be the systemizing brain at work.

I personally think gender roles are complete BS and I'm a very androgynous female. According to Baron-Cohen, I am an extreme systemizer so I do have the "male brain." However I really don't care for sexual relationships and the idea of me having a romantic partner of any sex is laughable, as is the idea of me being "manly." I actually don't really like that word.


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Zen
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26 Apr 2011, 8:52 am

quaker wrote:
most of these 'specialists'are more black and
white in their thinking than we are.

I am naturally left brain and right brain
combined.....

I am a systemizer and empathizer

I always test exactly in the middle on those tests too. So either way, I don't buy it. I don't buy that ASD people don't empathize.



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26 Apr 2011, 8:56 am

quaker wrote:
most of these 'specialists'are more black and
white in their thinking than we are.

I am naturally left brain and right brain
combined.....

I am a systemizer and empathizer



Yes, it's definitely not an either/or concept. There are people with more empathy and less systemizing, but there are also people right in the middle with equal empathy and systemizing.

The left/right idea has nothing to do with being systemizing and empathic. That was a huge over-generalization made years ago that doesn't really apply to real life. When you think about it, any skill worth doing is going to require brain activity from more than one hemisphere, and the brain is not nearly as compartmentalized as the popular literature makes out. Think about how many different functions your brain needs to do when you listen to or play music, or when you decide to construct something. All problem solving skills require creative and technical skill.


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CockneyRebel
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26 Apr 2011, 9:19 am

I think that my brain is a combination of male and female, as a brain should be. I just because disillusioned with my gender and what my mum thought it should mean to be a woman, at a very early age. That's why you all know me as I am.


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26 Apr 2011, 11:03 am

even this analysis doesn't help.

it sort of maps onto the Jungian Thinking & Feeling functions (which do not equate exactly with popular meanings of the words), but i think per empathy that autistic-spectrum does not lack the fellow-feeling, but rather the reading-of-feelings aspect. likewise, being good at making patterns would seem to include the patterns of behavior, wouldn't it? yet there is a disjunction, puzzling.

we need to go back to these felt-distinctions without binary logic. having two physical genders makes us want to spread the words indiscriminately anyway. let's stop this nonsense before it becomes a truism of the media at large.


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26 Apr 2011, 11:35 am

aspi-rant wrote:
it is not the extreme male brain you should be focussing on....

it is all about a systemizing brain (which is statistical typical for males - hence the term male brain) or an empathizing brain (which is statistical typical for females - hence the term female brain)

the male/female label is not to be taken literally.

the systemizing vs empathizing is what it is all about.


Simon Baron-Cohen's own words:

Quote:
In this chapter, I begin by summarizing psychological findings from studies of autism. A brief review of genetic evidence appears next, as a bridge into the next section, where a recent notion is introduced: the “male brain”. Evidence for biologically-based psychological sex differences is presented, and the “male brain” is defined. Finally, I relate this notion to autism, summarizing our new theory (Baron-Cohen and Hammer, 1996a) that autism is an extreme form of the male brain. This theory makes a number of predictions possible, and the current evidence relevant to these predictions is presented.



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26 Apr 2011, 11:51 am

Also:

Quote:
(i) Normal males are superior in spatial tasks compared to normal females, and people with autism or Asperger Syndrome are even better on spatial tasks, such as the Embedded Figures Test (Jolliffe and Baron-Cohen, in press).

(ii) There is a strong male bias in the sex ratio of autism or AS.

(iii) Normal males are slower to develop language than normal females, and children with autism are even more delayed in language development (Rutter, 1978).

(iv) Normal males are slower to develop socially than normal females, and people with autism are even more delayed in social development (O’Riordan, Baron-Cohen, Jones, Stone, and Plaisted, 1996).

(v) Normal females are superior to males on mindreading tasks, and people with autism or AS are severely impaired in mindreading (see Baron-Cohen et al, 1996).

(vi) Parents of children with autism or AS (who can be assumed to share the genotype of their child) also show superior spatial abilities and relative deficits in mindreading (i.e., a marked male brain pattern (Baron-Cohen and Hammer, in press b).

(vii) Normal males have a smaller corpus callosum than normal females, and people with autism or AS have an even smaller one (Egaas, Courchesne, and Saitou, 1994).

(viii) Left handedness is more common among males, and people with autism or AS show an elevated incidence of left-handedness: Fein, Humes, Kaplan, Lucci, and Waterhouse (1984) found an 18% incidence of left-handedness in autism. Satz and colleagues (Satz, Soper, Orsini, Henry, and Zvi, 1985; Soper, Orsini, Henry, Zvi, and Schulman, 1986) found a very similar picture: in their autistic sample, 22% were left handed10.

(ix) In the normal population, the male brain is heavier than the female brain, and people with autism have even heavier brains than normal males (Bailey et al, 1994).

(x) In the normal population, more males are found in mathematical/mechanical/spatial occupations than females. Parents of children with autism or AS are disproportionately represented in such occupations (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Bolton, Stott & Goodyer 1996). These occupations all require good folk physics whilst not necessarily requiring equally developed folk psychological skills.


Sounds like a lot of "correlation is just like causation" to me.

Also, (x) is a primarily social phenomenon. Women don't stay in those occupations mainly because they are often not very welcoming to women.



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26 Apr 2011, 12:34 pm

Quote:
Normal females are superior to males on mindreading tasks, and people with autism or AS are severely impaired in mindreading (see Baron-Cohen et al, 1996).

I think Baron-Cohen should give up his current research and instead focus on this discovery that humans are telepathic. Think of the military applications... we've left it for at least 15 years, the North Koreans are probably far more advanced in it than us.

I don't put much stock in the extreme male brain theory - it doesn't explain the sensory "overload", no? Mind, it might explain the lower amounts of Machiavellian intelligence found in Aspies (?), since women *are* more prone to backstabbing and lying...



aspi-rant
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26 Apr 2011, 12:58 pm

@ Verdandi: thank you for posting this info! i am aware of it... but you have also to relate it to the date of release... much has changed in common knowledge since... ;-)

here's a more recent talk from him about the issue:

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crmDSDeCEp4[/youtube]



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26 Apr 2011, 1:21 pm

Cohen's flagship for his theory is a 2d/4d digit ratio of .93 or lower, indicating a high level of testosterone exposure in the womb, thereby influencing brain development. In his studies a strong correlation was found among those with Kanner's type Autism, but the correlation of low digit ratio seen among those with Aspergers was lower and closer to the normal population.

The same low 2d/4d digit ratios are also associated with ADHD, Athletes, Presidents, and other correlations, that can be found if one does a quick search on it.

I've seen on this site, where people take the Cohen test and receive high scores for what he calls an "extreme male brain", but who take more comprenhesive tests on gender and come out close to the middle.

I'm not sure, but I would guess if an athlete took the test they might be more likely to score as a systemizer and toward the male gender spectrum on both tests.

There are some people on the spectrum that are athletes, but in general, I haven't heard of too many that play team sports. There are obviously many more factors than testosterone in the womb; it appears that it may be one of many.



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27 Apr 2011, 12:12 am

I don't think I understanding the paradigm of the "male brain theory" well enough to state conclusively whether I agree or disagree.

If the theory rests on the idea that neurological sex is a simple dichotomy (either male or female) and inextricably linked with society's definitions of what constitutes something or someone "male"/"female" then I disagree with the theory because I find it hard to see how neurological sex is a simple dichotomy and I completely disagree with the idea that physiological sex differentiation and the social constructions around gender are inextricably linked. I, too, think that gender roles are social constructs and that behavior isn't as "gendered" as it might seem.....

Although, if by "male brain" they simply mean "a brain that's seemingly affected by androgens to an extent greater than one would expect" then I wouldn't find it so disagreeable/hard to believe.



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27 Apr 2011, 12:28 am

animalcrackers wrote:
Although, if by "male brain" they simply mean "a brain that's seemingly affected by androgens to an extent greater than one would expect" then I wouldn't find it so disagreeable/hard to believe.


There was recently a study that showed that transgender women's brains are actually affected less by androgens than cisgender men's brains. Some of these women are also on the spectrum.

I find it difficult to credit that androgen exposure causes autism.