Blues: B.B. King, Albert King, Johnny Winter, Robert Johnson
Blues-Rock: Roy Buchanan
Metal: Opeth, Agalloch
Prog rock: Porcupine Tree/Steven Wilson, Tool, Rush
Folk: James Taylor, Jonathan Edwards
Jazz and jazz fusion: Larry Coryell, Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock, Mahavishnu Orchestra
Psychedelia: Jimi Hendrix, Traffic, Grateful Dead, The Beatles
Grunge and hard alternative rock: Alice in Chains, Rage Against the Machine
Alternative/indie: Blind Melon, Neutral Milk Hotel/Jeff Mangum
Experimental: Frank Zappa, Primus, The Residents
Pop: Peter Gabriel (I'm not sure "pop" is the correct label for Peter Gabriel, because to me his works are very unique and creative, but he did have massive hits with them).
It was hard to narrow down too, too much. I used italics to make note of artists I've had no shame in binge-listening to at various points in my life, my top favorites ever, perhaps.