Article in Forward objecting to the term "anti-Semitism"
Since we’re debating labels, stop calling it anti-Semitism. It’s Jew hatred, by Stephen D. Smith, Forward, July 7, 2020.
After a brief preamble about the then-recent trend toward capitalizing the word "Black," this article says:
Most leading authorities and publications use “anti-Semitism.” I prefer “antisemitism,” the spelling used by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. But this debate obscures the core issue: Whether spelled anti-Semitism or antisemitism, we should retire the term entirely and begin calling it what it really is: Jew hatred.
Consider the history of the word. While the phenomenon of Jew hatred is inscribed in ancient texts, the term “anti-Semitism” is actually of relatively recent vintage, about as old as the telephone or the lightbulb. The German journalist Wilhelm Marr coined the term “anti-Semitism” in 1879 to give an air of modernity to long-embraced animosity toward the Jewish people.
Earlier Germans were blunter: They called it “Judenhaas,” literally Jew-hatred. Wilhelm, himself a deeply anti-Jewish political agitator, sought a pseudo-scientific and therefore more palatable word. He knew the term “Semitic” had historically referred to a family of languages that originated in the Middle East. So he refashioned the word to mean prejudice against Jews alone.
In his 1880 bestselling propagandist pamphlet, “The Way to Victory of the Germanic Spirit over the Jewish Spirit,” Wilhelm freely used the German term “antisemitismus.” And in the same year, Wilhelm founded the Antisemitenliga, the League of Antisemites, the first organization committed to combating the alleged Jewish takeover of Germany and German culture.
In other words, the term “anti-Semitism” was coined not to marginalize Jew hatred but to mainstream it.
[...]
The term anti-Semitism is also imprecise and ripe for misunderstanding. The original word Semite traces its roots to Noah’s son in the Bible, Shem. Semite first came to label members of groups who spoke Hebrew, Arabic and other related languages, and some Arab leaders have hid behind this literal definition to justify their Jew hatred, arguing they cannot be anti-Semitic because they, too, are Semites.
Thus, at a moment when clarity in exposing and opposing bigotry is urgently needed, the term’s 19th century pseudo-scientific origins lead to modern-day confusion.
For this reason, when forced to choose between spellings, I choose “antisemitism.” The hyphenated spelling gives off the impression that the entity “Semite” in fact exists, which it doesn’t. But whether spelled antisemitism or anti-Semitism, neither does justice to the evil that is Jew hatred.
While the word is cloudy and euphemistic, the growing phenomenon of violence against Jews is all too real. The Anti-Defamation League reports there were 2,107 hate crimes against Jewish people in the United States in 2019, the highest number since they began counting in 1979. Worldwide, anti-Jewish crimes increased 18% in 2019 and 13% the year prior. This violence has many causes. But the words we use to describe it matter.
Jews and non-Jews alike must fight back against these alarming trends. We’ve seen that when boundaries around discrimination are broken down, everyone is affected. Anti-Jewish sentiment is the canary in the coal mine of societal violence. Once Jews are scapegoated, that antagonism almost always spreads to others. We have a collective responsibility, and a collective self-interest, in fighting this bigotry.
[...]
At this moment when Americans and others are reimagining how we talk, think, and act to take on entrenched bigotry, the first step is seeing the problem clearly.
In this case, it’s neither antisemitism nor anti-Semitism: It’s plain and simple Jew hatred.
The author, Stephen D. Smith PhD, is identified as "the Finci-Viterbi Executive Director Chair of the USC Shoah Foundation and UNESCO Chair on Genocide Education."
Personally, I've always preferred to use terms like "hatred of Jews," "anti-Jewish bigotry," or (to refer to Nazi-style race-based hatred of Jews) "anti-Jewish racism," rather than "anti-Semitism" or "antisemitism."
The term "anti-Semitism" literally means being against all "Semites" -- an alleged "race," in 19th-century European thought, that doesn't really exist. But the term "Semite" has historically been used to refer not just to Jews but to speakers of the various Semitic languages, such as Arabic. On the other hand, using the term "anti-semitism" to refer to prejudice only against Jews implies (1) that Jews are "Semites" but (2) "Semites" other than Jews don't exist.
And that has long struck me as a slight to Arabs. If Jews are "Semites," but "Semites" other than Jews don't exist, then Arabic-speakers don't exist or are invisible and irrelevant, sort of like the way Palestine was said to be "a land without a people."
Anyhow, I'm glad to see a Jewish person seeing problems with the term "anti-Semitism" from a Jewish POV as well.
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We live in a non literal NT world. I doubt that more than a minute percentage of people misunderstand the term to mean hatred of semites.
If we are going the presentism route, because of bad origins then it is time to retire “Autism” because the person that coined the term was an influential eugenist.
In the last few years most Jewish advocacy groups and mainstream media have dropped the hyphen. That is not remotely the hill I want to die on so I try to abide by the new way of spelling the term but occasionally out habit I write “Anti-Semitism” and if I realize it do not bother correcting it. Some Jewish advocates use “Jew Hatred” I use “Jew Hatred” interchangeably with “antisemitism”. Unlike “Jew Hatred”, “Antisemitism” has evolved into more of a catchall term meaning a variety of negative feelings, perceptions, and actions towered Jews. It could mean hatred but it can also mean thinking Jews are inferior, or being scared of Jews, or thinking Jews are cheap and greedy. Since people have a variety of motives “Antisemitism” in many contexts is a more accurate description of the phenomenon. Similar with “Islamophobic” meaning more than an irrational fear of Muslims.
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I know what it means too. My concern is with the implication of its meaning-plus-obvious-etymology. That implication is: "Jews are Semites, and are the only Semites who matter."
In other words, the word itself insinuates an attitude which is part of the very essence of the Israel-vs-Palestine problem, and hence is intrinsically likely to lead to endless fruitless exchanges like:
Jew: "You're antisemitic!"
Palestinian/Arab: "No, I'm a Semite, too!"
Seems to me, when talking about bigotry against Jews, it would be much simpler, more accurate, and more productive to use a word or phrase that specifically references Jews. Why not use such a word?
Perhaps so, but at least the word "autism" is "autism," not "dysgenia" or some other word whose very etymology would intrinsically endorse eugenics.
I use a variety of terms, e.g. "bigotry against Jews" to be a bit more general than "hatred of Jews" or "Jew-hating." Another term I sometimes use is "Judeophobia."
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Jew: "You're antisemitic!"
Palestinian/Arab: "No, I'm a Semite, too!"
Seems to me, when talking about bigotry against Jews, it would be much simpler, more accurate, and more productive to use a word or phrase that specifically references Jews. Why not use such a word?
I can’t say such a conversation has never happened but I have never seen a Palestinian or Arab identify as a Semite. The usual responses to “You’re antisemitic” are something along the lines of “I am anti zionist not antisemitic” and maybe explaining that they are not the same thing or “I don’t hate Jews, I am protesting genocide” never “stop misappropriating semitism”. The term seems to insinuate negation to a very few so does it matter?
Getting into our chat group effective communication territory here but you might be getting into “splainin” territory of deciding what is offensive to Palestinians for them. Maybe the Palestinian's and Arabs you know do take umbrage with the term antisemitism then by all means don’t use it. While you can’t please everyone, there is nothing inherently wrong with using a very commonly understood term even if your English teacher might flunk you for it.
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I've seen Arabs object to it. The Forward article I quoted at the top of this thread mentions this too, though from an unsympathetic POV:
Also, I am not the only person who has ever brought this up on Wrong Planet. Some examples I found via Google just now are here, here, and here. (Not the best examples, but they are what I was able to find just now. There have also been other, better examples here on WP, including posts from at least one Arab whose username I can't remember offhand.)
Anyhow, I don't intend to press this issue everywhere I see the word "antisemitism" (with or without the hyphen), but I think it's an issue worth bringing up now and then. Also I will continue to avoid using the term "antisemitism" myself.
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I've seen Arabs object to it. The Forward article I quoted at the top of this thread mentions this too, though from an unsympathetic POV:
Also, I am not the only person who has ever brought this up on Wrong Planet. Some examples I found via Google just now are here, here, and here.
Anyhow, I don't intend to press this issue everywhere I see the word "antisemitism" (with or without the hyphen), but I think it's an issue worth bringing up now and then. Also I will continue to avoid using the term "antisemitism" myself.
I am not offended by any of the "alternative" terms used it is the phenomenon it describes that I am offended by. With "woke" I try to avoid using it when directly replying to you. I don't know if I can do that with "antisemitism" because to me it describes the broad phenomenon not individual aspects of it."Anti-Jewish" could also describe a broad phenomenon but would that term describe being against a religion or a group of people? "Jewphobic" is interesting because irrational fear is behind most of the tropes listed in the other thread but I have never seen it used.
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Antisemitism? Better Call It Judeophobia by Shlomo Sand, Haaretz, Nov 24, 2020:
In the past few weeks, many have criticized historian Prof. David Engel for cautiously proposing to do away with the commonly used term "antisemitism." That term was given to the world by the German ultra-nationalist publicist Wilhelm Marr in the 1870s. He didn’t quite invent it since it had been used previously, but Marr, a typical Jew hater, gave it the connotation that has stuck to it since then. Racism never was just snobbism of the poor. It has accompanied European cultural elites for centuries. Only in the mid-19th century did it become a “scientific” term.
(That's as far as I was able to read, given the paywall.)
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"Judeo-phobia" (obviously derived from "Islamophobia") doesnt quite work.
The reason being is that both Jews and Gentiles regard Jews as being both a religion AND and as being an ethnic group ergo they arent quite analogous to either Muslims or Christians.
For most of the history of European "Jew hatred" it was just a matter of religion. Accept Christ and the Christians would accept you.
But there were moments when Jew hatred became a matter of not religion but also of "blood" or ancestry. And sadly this notion became more prevalent in the Nineteenth Centurey with its obsession with breeding and race.
So Mayer wanted a new word that would include...folks like himself...who would still hate a Jew even after he converted to Christianity.
Trouble is "Antisemitism" implies hatred of all Semitic speaking groups (Arabs and Jews). And some Gentile Whites in the West probably do. But its also a cumbersome term.
So Mayer wanted a new word that would include...folks like himself...who would still hate a Jew even after he converted to Christianity.
Trouble is "Antisemitism" implies hatred of all Semitic speaking groups (Arabs and Jews). And some Gentile Whites in the West probably do. But its also a cumbersome term.
My guess is there probably weren't very many Arabs or other non-Jewish "Semites" in Germany at the time. So Marr probably didn't care much about Arabs for that reason.
My guess is that his "anti-Semitism" probably would have entailed hatred of Arabs, as well as Jews, if there had been anywhere nearly as many Arabs in Germany, back then, as there were Jews.
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Jews are thought of as an ethnic group, a cultural group, a religion, a race, or some combination of the above depending on who you ask. This is not true for most other groups such as Irish-Americans or Muslims. This disagreement over who we are makes it practically impossible to find a term that is not flawed in some way.
A term that describes a variety of negative attitudes and actions is needed. Take Christians who love all people but thinks if Jews would accept Jesus as their savior or if they would not vote for the Democrats so much it would help them. Neither Jew Hatred nor Jewphobia describe these attitudes. Antisemitism is a catchall term that is arguably a less flawed.
While this discussion is appropriate for this section in general Gentiles telling or suggesting to Jews what words to use to describe prejudice against them is not nice.
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Well, I have to decide for myself what terms I will use. And, to that end, I need to take into account the perspectives of not just one but two impacted categories of people, i.e., not just Jews but also non-Jewish "Semites" (primarily Palestinians/Arabs).
I hope you're not offended by my avoidance of the term "antisemitism".
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I hope you're not offended by my avoidance of the term "antisemitism".
I am not offended by you not using the term “antisemitism” and have no disagreements any of the other terms being proposed.
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